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Debugging with GDB

This file documents the GNU debugger GDB.

This is the Tenth Edition, of Debugging with GDB: the GNU Source-Level Debugger for GDB (GDB) Version 12.0.50.20211026-git.

Copyright © 1988-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being “Free Software” and “Free Software Needs Free Documentation”, with the Front-Cover Texts being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.

(a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You are free to copy and modify this GNU Manual. Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in developing GNU and promoting software freedom.”

Next: Summary   [Contents][Index]

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Debugging with GDB

This file describes GDB, the GNU symbolic debugger.

This is the Tenth Edition, for GDB (GDB) Version 12.0.50.20211026-git.

Copyright (C) 1988-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This edition of the GDB manual is dedicated to the memory of Fred Fish. Fred was a long-standing contributor to GDB and to Free software in general. We will miss him.

• Summary:		Summary of GDB
• Sample Session:		A sample GDB session
• Invocation:		Getting in and out of GDB
• Commands:		GDB commands
• Running:		Running programs under GDB
• Stopping:		Stopping and continuing
• Reverse Execution:		Running programs backward
• Process Record and Replay:		Recording inferior’s execution and replaying it
• Stack:		Examining the stack
• Source:		Examining source files
• Data:		Examining data
• Optimized Code:		Debugging optimized code
• Macros:		Preprocessor Macros
• Tracepoints:		Debugging remote targets non-intrusively
• Overlays:		Debugging programs that use overlays
• Languages:		Using GDB with different languages
• Symbols:		Examining the symbol table
• Altering:		Altering execution
• GDB Files:		GDB files
• Targets:		Specifying a debugging target
• Remote Debugging:		Debugging remote programs
• Configurations:		Configuration-specific information
• Controlling GDB:		Controlling GDB
• Extending GDB:		Extending GDB
• Interpreters:		Command Interpreters
• TUI:		GDB Text User Interface
• Emacs:		Using GDB under GNU Emacs
• GDB/MI:		GDB’s Machine Interface.
• Annotations:		GDB’s annotation interface.
• JIT Interface:		Using the JIT debugging interface.
• In-Process Agent:		In-Process Agent
• GDB Bugs:		Reporting bugs in GDB
• Command Line Editing:		Command Line Editing
• Using History Interactively:		Using History Interactively
• In Memoriam:		In Memoriam
• Formatting Documentation:		How to format and print GDB documentation
• Installing GDB:		Installing GDB
• Maintenance Commands:		Maintenance Commands
• Remote Protocol:		GDB Remote Serial Protocol
• Agent Expressions:		The GDB Agent Expression Mechanism
• Target Descriptions:		How targets can describe themselves to GDB
• Operating System Information:		Getting additional information from the operating system
• Trace File Format:		GDB trace file format
• Index Section Format:		.gdb_index section format
• Man Pages:		Manual pages
• Copying:		GNU General Public License says how you can copy and share GDB
• GNU Free Documentation License:		The license for this documentation
• Concept Index:		Index of GDB concepts
• Command and Variable Index:		Index of GDB commands, variables, functions, and Python data types

Table of Contents

• Summary of GDB
  • Free Software
  • Free Software Needs Free Documentation
  • Contributors to GDB
• 1 A Sample GDB Session
• 2 Getting In and Out of GDB
  • 2.1 Invoking GDB
    • 2.1.1 Choosing Files
    • 2.1.2 Choosing Modes
    • 2.1.3 What GDB Does During Startup
    • 2.1.4 Initialization Files
      • 2.1.4.1 Home directory early initialization files
      • 2.1.4.2 System wide initialization files
      • 2.1.4.3 Home directory initialization file
      • 2.1.4.4 Local directory initialization file
  • 2.2 Quitting GDB
  • 2.3 Shell Commands
  • 2.4 Logging Output
• 3 GDB Commands
  • 3.1 Command Syntax
  • 3.2 Command Settings
  • 3.3 Command Completion
  • 3.4 Command options
  • 3.5 Getting Help
• 4 Running Programs Under GDB
  • 4.1 Compiling for Debugging
  • 4.2 Starting your Program
  • 4.3 Your Program’s Arguments
  • 4.4 Your Program’s Environment
  • 4.5 Your Program’s Working Directory
  • 4.6 Your Program’s Input and Output
  • 4.7 Debugging an Already-running Process
  • 4.8 Killing the Child Process
  • 4.9 Debugging Multiple Inferiors Connections and Programs
  • 4.10 Debugging Programs with Multiple Threads
  • 4.11 Debugging Forks
  • 4.12 Setting a Bookmark to Return to Later
    • 4.12.1 A Non-obvious Benefit of Using Checkpoints
• 5 Stopping and Continuing
  • 5.1 Breakpoints, Watchpoints, and Catchpoints
    • 5.1.1 Setting Breakpoints
    • 5.1.2 Setting Watchpoints
    • 5.1.3 Setting Catchpoints
    • 5.1.4 Deleting Breakpoints
    • 5.1.5 Disabling Breakpoints
    • 5.1.6 Break Conditions
    • 5.1.7 Breakpoint Command Lists
    • 5.1.8 Dynamic Printf
    • 5.1.9 How to save breakpoints to a file
    • 5.1.10 Static Probe Points
    • 5.1.11 “Cannot insert breakpoints”
    • 5.1.12 “Breakpoint address adjusted...”
  • 5.2 Continuing and Stepping
  • 5.3 Skipping Over Functions and Files
  • 5.4 Signals
  • 5.5 Stopping and Starting Multi-thread Programs
    • 5.5.1 All-Stop Mode
    • 5.5.2 Non-Stop Mode
    • 5.5.3 Background Execution
    • 5.5.4 Thread-Specific Breakpoints
    • 5.5.5 Interrupted System Calls
    • 5.5.6 Observer Mode
• 6 Running programs backward
• 7 Recording Inferior’s Execution and Replaying It
• 8 Examining the Stack
  • 8.1 Stack Frames
  • 8.2 Backtraces
  • 8.3 Selecting a Frame
  • 8.4 Information About a Frame
  • 8.5 Applying a Command to Several Frames.
  • 8.6 Management of Frame Filters.
• 9 Examining Source Files
  • 9.1 Printing Source Lines
  • 9.2 Specifying a Location
    • 9.2.1 Linespec Locations
    • 9.2.2 Explicit Locations
    • 9.2.3 Address Locations
  • 9.3 Editing Source Files
    • 9.3.1 Choosing your Editor
  • 9.4 Searching Source Files
  • 9.5 Specifying Source Directories
  • 9.6 Source and Machine Code
  • 9.7 Disable Reading Source Code
• 10 Examining Data
  • 10.1 Expressions
  • 10.2 Ambiguous Expressions
  • 10.3 Program Variables
  • 10.4 Artificial Arrays
  • 10.5 Output Formats
  • 10.6 Examining Memory
  • 10.7 Memory Tagging
  • 10.8 Automatic Display
  • 10.9 Print Settings
  • 10.10 Pretty Printing
    • 10.10.1 Pretty-Printer Introduction
    • 10.10.2 Pretty-Printer Example
    • 10.10.3 Pretty-Printer Commands
  • 10.11 Value History
  • 10.12 Convenience Variables
  • 10.13 Convenience Functions
  • 10.14 Registers
  • 10.15 Floating Point Hardware
  • 10.16 Vector Unit
  • 10.17 Operating System Auxiliary Information
  • 10.18 Memory Region Attributes
    • 10.18.1 Attributes
      • 10.18.1.1 Memory Access Mode
      • 10.18.1.2 Memory Access Size
      • 10.18.1.3 Data Cache
    • 10.18.2 Memory Access Checking
  • 10.19 Copy Between Memory and a File
  • 10.20 How to Produce a Core File from Your Program
  • 10.21 Character Sets
  • 10.22 Caching Data of Targets
  • 10.23 Search Memory
  • 10.24 Value Sizes
• 11 Debugging Optimized Code
  • 11.1 Inline Functions
  • 11.2 Tail Call Frames
• 12 C Preprocessor Macros
• 13 Tracepoints
  • 13.1 Commands to Set Tracepoints
    • 13.1.1 Create and Delete Tracepoints
    • 13.1.2 Enable and Disable Tracepoints
    • 13.1.3 Tracepoint Passcounts
    • 13.1.4 Tracepoint Conditions
    • 13.1.5 Trace State Variables
    • 13.1.6 Tracepoint Action Lists
    • 13.1.7 Listing Tracepoints
    • 13.1.8 Listing Static Tracepoint Markers
    • 13.1.9 Starting and Stopping Trace Experiments
    • 13.1.10 Tracepoint Restrictions
  • 13.2 Using the Collected Data
    • 13.2.1 tfind n
    • 13.2.2 tdump
    • 13.2.3 save tracepoints filename
  • 13.3 Convenience Variables for Tracepoints
  • 13.4 Using Trace Files
• 14 Debugging Programs That Use Overlays
  • 14.1 How Overlays Work
  • 14.2 Overlay Commands
  • 14.3 Automatic Overlay Debugging
  • 14.4 Overlay Sample Program
• 15 Using GDB with Different Languages
  • 15.1 Switching Between Source Languages
    • 15.1.1 List of Filename Extensions and Languages
    • 15.1.2 Setting the Working Language
    • 15.1.3 Having GDB Infer the Source Language
  • 15.2 Displaying the Language
  • 15.3 Type and Range Checking
    • 15.3.1 An Overview of Type Checking
    • 15.3.2 An Overview of Range Checking
  • 15.4 Supported Languages
    • 15.4.1 C and C++
      • 15.4.1.1 C and C++ Operators
      • 15.4.1.2 C and C++ Constants
      • 15.4.1.3 C++ Expressions
      • 15.4.1.4 C and C++ Defaults
      • 15.4.1.5 C and C++ Type and Range Checks
      • 15.4.1.6 GDB and C
      • 15.4.1.7 GDB Features for C++
      • 15.4.1.8 Decimal Floating Point format
    • 15.4.2 D
    • 15.4.3 Go
    • 15.4.4 Objective-C
      • 15.4.4.1 Method Names in Commands
      • 15.4.4.2 The Print Command With Objective-C
    • 15.4.5 OpenCL C
      • 15.4.5.1 OpenCL C Datatypes
      • 15.4.5.2 OpenCL C Expressions
      • 15.4.5.3 OpenCL C Operators
    • 15.4.6 Fortran
      • 15.4.6.1 Fortran Operators and Expressions
      • 15.4.6.2 Fortran Defaults
      • 15.4.6.3 Special Fortran Commands
    • 15.4.7 Pascal
    • 15.4.8 Rust
    • 15.4.9 Modula-2
      • 15.4.9.1 Operators
      • 15.4.9.2 Built-in Functions and Procedures
      • 15.4.9.3 Constants
      • 15.4.9.4 Modula-2 Types
      • 15.4.9.5 Modula-2 Defaults
      • 15.4.9.6 Deviations from Standard Modula-2
      • 15.4.9.7 Modula-2 Type and Range Checks
      • 15.4.9.8 The Scope Operators :: and .
      • 15.4.9.9 GDB and Modula-2
    • 15.4.10 Ada
      • 15.4.10.1 Introduction
      • 15.4.10.2 Omissions from Ada
      • 15.4.10.3 Additions to Ada
      • 15.4.10.4 Overloading support for Ada
      • 15.4.10.5 Stopping at the Very Beginning
      • 15.4.10.6 Ada Exceptions
      • 15.4.10.7 Extensions for Ada Tasks
      • 15.4.10.8 Tasking Support when Debugging Core Files
      • 15.4.10.9 Tasking Support when using the Ravenscar Profile
      • 15.4.10.10 Ada Settings
      • 15.4.10.11 Known Peculiarities of Ada Mode
  • 15.5 Unsupported Languages
• 16 Examining the Symbol Table
• 17 Altering Execution
  • 17.1 Assignment to Variables
  • 17.2 Continuing at a Different Address
  • 17.3 Giving your Program a Signal
  • 17.4 Returning from a Function
  • 17.5 Calling Program Functions
    • 17.5.1 Calling functions with no debug info
  • 17.6 Patching Programs
  • 17.7 Compiling and injecting code in GDB
    • 17.7.1 Compilation options for the compile command
    • 17.7.2 Caveats when using the compile command
    • 17.7.3 Compiler search for the compile command
• 18 GDB Files
  • 18.1 Commands to Specify Files
  • 18.2 File Caching
  • 18.3 Debugging Information in Separate Files
  • 18.4 Debugging information in a special section
  • 18.5 Index Files Speed Up GDB
    • 18.5.1 Automatic symbol index cache
  • 18.6 Errors Reading Symbol Files
  • 18.7 GDB Data Files
• 19 Specifying a Debugging Target
  • 19.1 Active Targets
  • 19.2 Commands for Managing Targets
  • 19.3 Choosing Target Byte Order
• 20 Debugging Remote Programs
  • 20.1 Connecting to a Remote Target
    • 20.1.1 Types of Remote Connections
    • 20.1.2 Host and Target Files
    • 20.1.3 Remote Connection Commands
  • 20.2 Sending files to a remote system
  • 20.3 Using the gdbserver Program
    • 20.3.1 Running gdbserver
      • 20.3.1.1 Attaching to a Running Program
      • 20.3.1.2 TCP port allocation lifecycle of gdbserver
      • 20.3.1.3 Other Command-Line Arguments for gdbserver
    • 20.3.2 Connecting to gdbserver
    • 20.3.3 Monitor Commands for gdbserver
    • 20.3.4 Tracepoints support in gdbserver
  • 20.4 Remote Configuration
  • 20.5 Implementing a Remote Stub
    • 20.5.1 What the Stub Can Do for You
    • 20.5.2 What You Must Do for the Stub
    • 20.5.3 Putting it All Together
• 21 Configuration-Specific Information
  • 21.1 Native
    • 21.1.1 BSD libkvm Interface
    • 21.1.2 Process Information
    • 21.1.3 Features for Debugging DJGPP Programs
    • 21.1.4 Features for Debugging MS Windows PE Executables
      • 21.1.4.1 Support for DLLs without Debugging Symbols
      • 21.1.4.2 DLL Name Prefixes
      • 21.1.4.3 Working with Minimal Symbols
    • 21.1.5 Commands Specific to GNU Hurd Systems
    • 21.1.6 Darwin
    • 21.1.7 FreeBSD
  • 21.2 Embedded Operating Systems
  • 21.3 Embedded Processors
    • 21.3.1 Synopsys ARC
    • 21.3.2 ARM
    • 21.3.3 BPF
    • 21.3.4 M68k
    • 21.3.5 MicroBlaze
    • 21.3.6 MIPS Embedded
    • 21.3.7 OpenRISC 1000
    • 21.3.8 PowerPC Embedded
    • 21.3.9 Atmel AVR
    • 21.3.10 CRIS
    • 21.3.11 Renesas Super-H
  • 21.4 Architectures
    • 21.4.1 AArch64
      • 21.4.1.1 AArch64 SVE.
      • 21.4.1.2 AArch64 Pointer Authentication.
      • 21.4.1.3 AArch64 Memory Tagging Extension.
    • 21.4.2 x86 Architecture-specific Issues
      • 21.4.2.1 Intel Memory Protection Extensions (MPX).
    • 21.4.3 Alpha
    • 21.4.4 MIPS
    • 21.4.5 HPPA
    • 21.4.6 PowerPC
    • 21.4.7 Nios II
    • 21.4.8 Sparc64
      • 21.4.8.1 ADI Support
    • 21.4.9 S12Z
• 22 Controlling GDB
  • 22.1 Prompt
  • 22.2 Command Editing
  • 22.3 Command History
  • 22.4 Screen Size
  • 22.5 Output Styling
  • 22.6 Numbers
  • 22.7 Configuring the Current ABI
  • 22.8 Automatically loading associated files
    • 22.8.1 Automatically loading init file in the current directory
    • 22.8.2 Automatically loading thread debugging library
    • 22.8.3 Security restriction for auto-loading
    • 22.8.4 Displaying files tried for auto-load
  • 22.9 Optional Warnings and Messages
  • 22.10 Optional Messages about Internal Happenings
  • 22.11 Other Miscellaneous Settings
• 23 Extending GDB
  • 23.1 Canned Sequences of Commands
    • 23.1.1 User-defined Commands
    • 23.1.2 User-defined Command Hooks
    • 23.1.3 Command Files
    • 23.1.4 Commands for Controlled Output
    • 23.1.5 Controlling auto-loading native GDB scripts
  • 23.2 Command Aliases
    • 23.2.1 Default Arguments
  • 23.3 Extending GDB using Python
    • 23.3.1 Python Commands
    • 23.3.2 Python API
      • 23.3.2.1 Basic Python
      • 23.3.2.2 Exception Handling
      • 23.3.2.3 Values From Inferior
      • 23.3.2.4 Types In Python
      • 23.3.2.5 Pretty Printing API
      • 23.3.2.6 Selecting Pretty-Printers
      • 23.3.2.7 Writing a Pretty-Printer
      • 23.3.2.8 Type Printing API
      • 23.3.2.9 Filtering Frames
      • 23.3.2.10 Decorating Frames
      • 23.3.2.11 Writing a Frame Filter
      • 23.3.2.12 Unwinding Frames in Python
      • 23.3.2.13 Xmethods In Python
      • 23.3.2.14 Xmethod API
      • 23.3.2.15 Writing an Xmethod
      • 23.3.2.16 Inferiors In Python
      • 23.3.2.17 Events In Python
      • 23.3.2.18 Threads In Python
      • 23.3.2.19 Recordings In Python
      • 23.3.2.20 Commands In Python
      • 23.3.2.21 Parameters In Python
      • 23.3.2.22 Writing new convenience functions
      • 23.3.2.23 Program Spaces In Python
      • 23.3.2.24 Objfiles In Python
      • 23.3.2.25 Accessing inferior stack frames from Python
      • 23.3.2.26 Accessing blocks from Python
      • 23.3.2.27 Python representation of Symbols
      • 23.3.2.28 Symbol table representation in Python
      • 23.3.2.29 Manipulating line tables using Python
      • 23.3.2.30 Manipulating breakpoints using Python
      • 23.3.2.31 Finish Breakpoints
      • 23.3.2.32 Python representation of lazy strings
      • 23.3.2.33 Python representation of architectures
      • 23.3.2.34 Registers In Python
      • 23.3.2.35 Implementing new TUI windows
    • 23.3.3 Python Auto-loading
    • 23.3.4 Python modules
      • 23.3.4.1 gdb.printing
      • 23.3.4.2 gdb.types
      • 23.3.4.3 gdb.prompt
  • 23.4 Extending GDB using Guile
    • 23.4.1 Guile Introduction
    • 23.4.2 Guile Commands
    • 23.4.3 Guile API
      • 23.4.3.1 Basic Guile
      • 23.4.3.2 Guile Configuration
      • 23.4.3.3 GDB Scheme Data Types
      • 23.4.3.4 Guile Exception Handling
      • 23.4.3.5 Values From Inferior In Guile
      • 23.4.3.6 Arithmetic In Guile
      • 23.4.3.7 Types In Guile
      • 23.4.3.8 Guile Pretty Printing API
      • 23.4.3.9 Selecting Guile Pretty-Printers
      • 23.4.3.10 Writing a Guile Pretty-Printer
      • 23.4.3.11 Commands In Guile
      • 23.4.3.12 Parameters In Guile
      • 23.4.3.13 Program Spaces In Guile
      • 23.4.3.14 Objfiles In Guile
      • 23.4.3.15 Accessing inferior stack frames from Guile.
      • 23.4.3.16 Accessing blocks from Guile.
      • 23.4.3.17 Guile representation of Symbols.
      • 23.4.3.18 Symbol table representation in Guile.
      • 23.4.3.19 Manipulating breakpoints using Guile
      • 23.4.3.20 Guile representation of lazy strings.
      • 23.4.3.21 Guile representation of architectures
      • 23.4.3.22 Disassembly In Guile
      • 23.4.3.23 I/O Ports in Guile
      • 23.4.3.24 Memory Ports in Guile
      • 23.4.3.25 Iterators In Guile
    • 23.4.4 Guile Auto-loading
    • 23.4.5 Guile Modules
      • 23.4.5.1 Guile Printing Module
      • 23.4.5.2 Guile Types Module
  • 23.5 Auto-loading extensions
    • 23.5.1 The objfile-gdb.ext file
    • 23.5.2 The .debug_gdb_scripts section
      • 23.5.2.1 Script File Entries
      • 23.5.2.2 Script Text Entries
    • 23.5.3 Which flavor to choose?
  • 23.6 Multiple Extension Languages
    • 23.6.1 Python comes first
• 24 Command Interpreters
• 25 GDB Text User Interface
  • 25.1 TUI Overview
  • 25.2 TUI Key Bindings
  • 25.3 TUI Single Key Mode
  • 25.4 TUI Mouse Support
  • 25.5 TUI-specific Commands
  • 25.6 TUI Configuration Variables
• 26 Using GDB under GNU Emacs
• 27 The GDB/MI Interface
  • Function and Purpose
  • Notation and Terminology
  • 27.1 GDB/MI General Design
    • 27.1.1 Context management
      • 27.1.1.1 Threads and Frames
      • 27.1.1.2 Language
    • 27.1.2 Asynchronous command execution and non-stop mode
    • 27.1.3 Thread groups
  • 27.2 GDB/MI Command Syntax
    • 27.2.1 GDB/MI Input Syntax
    • 27.2.2 GDB/MI Output Syntax
  • 27.3 GDB/MI Compatibility with CLI
  • 27.4 GDB/MI Development and Front Ends
  • 27.5 GDB/MI Output Records
    • 27.5.1 GDB/MI Result Records
    • 27.5.2 GDB/MI Stream Records
    • 27.5.3 GDB/MI Async Records
    • 27.5.4 GDB/MI Breakpoint Information
    • 27.5.5 GDB/MI Frame Information
    • 27.5.6 GDB/MI Thread Information
    • 27.5.7 GDB/MI Ada Exception Information
  • 27.6 Simple Examples of GDB/MI Interaction
  • 27.7 GDB/MI Command Description Format
  • 27.8 GDB/MI Breakpoint Commands
  • 27.9 GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands
    • 27.9.1 Shared Library GDB/MI Catchpoints
    • 27.9.2 Ada Exception GDB/MI Catchpoints
    • 27.9.3 C++ Exception GDB/MI Catchpoints
  • 27.10 GDB/MI Program Context
  • 27.11 GDB/MI Thread Commands
  • 27.12 GDB/MI Ada Tasking Commands
  • 27.13 GDB/MI Program Execution
  • 27.14 GDB/MI Stack Manipulation Commands
  • 27.15 GDB/MI Variable Objects
  • 27.16 GDB/MI Data Manipulation
  • 27.17 GDB/MI Tracepoint Commands
  • 27.18 GDB/MI Symbol Query Commands
  • 27.19 GDB/MI File Commands
  • 27.20 GDB/MI Target Manipulation Commands
  • 27.21 GDB/MI File Transfer Commands
  • 27.22 Ada Exceptions GDB/MI Commands
  • 27.23 GDB/MI Support Commands
  • 27.24 Miscellaneous GDB/MI Commands
• 28 GDB Annotations
  • 28.1 What is an Annotation?
  • 28.2 The Server Prefix
  • 28.3 Annotation for GDB Input
  • 28.4 Errors
  • 28.5 Invalidation Notices
  • 28.6 Running the Program
  • 28.7 Displaying Source
• 29 JIT Compilation Interface
  • 29.1 JIT Declarations
  • 29.2 Registering Code
  • 29.3 Unregistering Code
  • 29.4 Custom Debug Info
    • 29.4.1 Using JIT Debug Info Readers
    • 29.4.2 Writing JIT Debug Info Readers
• 30 In-Process Agent
  • 30.1 In-Process Agent Protocol
    • 30.1.1 IPA Protocol Objects
    • 30.1.2 IPA Protocol Commands
• 31 Reporting Bugs in GDB
  • 31.1 Have You Found a Bug?
  • 31.2 How to Report Bugs
• 32 Command Line Editing
  • 32.1 Introduction to Line Editing
  • 32.2 Readline Interaction
    • 32.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials
    • 32.2.2 Readline Movement Commands
    • 32.2.3 Readline Killing Commands
    • 32.2.4 Readline Arguments
    • 32.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History
  • 32.3 Readline Init File
    • 32.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax
    • 32.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs
    • 32.3.3 Sample Init File
  • 32.4 Bindable Readline Commands
    • 32.4.1 Commands For Moving
    • 32.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History
    • 32.4.3 Commands For Changing Text
    • 32.4.4 Killing And Yanking
    • 32.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments
    • 32.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You
    • 32.4.7 Keyboard Macros
    • 32.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands
  • 32.5 Readline vi Mode
• 33 Using History Interactively
  • 33.1 History Expansion
    • 33.1.1 Event Designators
    • 33.1.2 Word Designators
    • 33.1.3 Modifiers
• Appendix A In Memoriam
• Appendix B Formatting Documentation
• Appendix C Installing GDB
  • C.1 Requirements for Building GDB
  • C.2 Invoking the GDB configure Script
  • C.3 Compiling GDB in Another Directory
  • C.4 Specifying Names for Hosts and Targets
  • C.5 configure Options
  • C.6 System-wide configuration and settings
    • C.6.1 Installed System-wide Configuration Scripts
• Appendix D Maintenance Commands
• Appendix E GDB Remote Serial Protocol
  • E.1 Overview
  • E.2 Packets
  • E.3 Stop Reply Packets
  • E.4 General Query Packets
  • E.5 Architecture-Specific Protocol Details
    • E.5.1 ARM-specific Protocol Details
      • E.5.1.1 ARM Breakpoint Kinds
      • E.5.1.2 ARM Memory Tag Types
    • E.5.2 MIPS-specific Protocol Details
      • E.5.2.1 MIPS Register Packet Format
      • E.5.2.2 MIPS Breakpoint Kinds
  • E.6 Tracepoint Packets
    • E.6.1 Relocate instruction reply packet
  • E.7 Host I/O Packets
  • E.8 Interrupts
  • E.9 Notification Packets
  • E.10 Remote Protocol Support for Non-Stop Mode
  • E.11 Packet Acknowledgment
  • E.12 Examples
  • E.13 File-I/O Remote Protocol Extension
    • E.13.1 File-I/O Overview
    • E.13.2 Protocol Basics
    • E.13.3 The F Request Packet
    • E.13.4 The F Reply Packet
    • E.13.5 The ‘Ctrl-C’ Message
    • E.13.6 Console I/O
    • E.13.7 List of Supported Calls
      • open
      • close
      • read
      • write
      • lseek
      • rename
      • unlink
      • stat/fstat
      • gettimeofday
      • isatty
      • system
    • E.13.8 Protocol-specific Representation of Datatypes
      • Integral Datatypes
      • Pointer Values
      • Memory Transfer
      • struct stat
      • struct timeval
    • E.13.9 Constants
      • Open Flags
      • mode_t Values
      • Errno Values
      • Lseek Flags
      • Limits
    • E.13.10 File-I/O Examples
  • E.14 Library List Format
  • E.15 Library List Format for SVR4 Targets
  • E.16 Memory Map Format
  • E.17 Thread List Format
  • E.18 Traceframe Info Format
  • E.19 Branch Trace Format
  • E.20 Branch Trace Configuration Format
• Appendix F The GDB Agent Expression Mechanism
  • F.1 General Bytecode Design
  • F.2 Bytecode Descriptions
  • F.3 Using Agent Expressions
  • F.4 Varying Target Capabilities
  • F.5 Rationale
• Appendix G Target Descriptions
  • G.1 Retrieving Descriptions
  • G.2 Target Description Format
    • G.2.1 Inclusion
    • G.2.2 Architecture
    • G.2.3 OS ABI
    • G.2.4 Compatible Architecture
    • G.2.5 Features
    • G.2.6 Types
    • G.2.7 Registers
  • G.3 Predefined Target Types
  • G.4 Enum Target Types
  • G.5 Standard Target Features
    • G.5.1 AArch64 Features
    • G.5.2 ARC Features
    • G.5.3 ARM Features
    • G.5.4 i386 Features
    • G.5.5 MicroBlaze Features
    • G.5.6 MIPS Features
    • G.5.7 M68K Features
    • G.5.8 NDS32 Features
    • G.5.9 Nios II Features
    • G.5.10 Openrisc 1000 Features
    • G.5.11 PowerPC Features
    • G.5.12 RISC-V Features
    • G.5.13 RX Features
    • G.5.14 S/390 and System z Features
    • G.5.15 Sparc Features
    • G.5.16 TMS320C6x Features
• Appendix H Operating System Information
  • H.1 Process list
• Appendix I Trace File Format
• Appendix J .gdb_index section format
• Appendix K Manual pages
• Appendix L GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
• Appendix M GNU Free Documentation License
• Concept Index
• Command, Variable, and Function Index

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