Web/CSS/rotate

The rotate CSS property allows you to specify rotation transforms individually and independently of the transform property. This maps better to typical user interface usage, and saves having to remember the exact order of transform functions to specify in the transform property.

Syntax

/* Keyword values */
rotate: none;

/* Angle value */
rotate: 90deg;
rotate: 0.25turn;
rotate: 1.57rad;

/* x, y, or z axis name plus angle */
rotate: x 90deg;
rotate: y 0.25turn;
rotate: z 1.57rad;

/* Vector plus angle value */
rotate: 1 1 1 90deg;

Values

angle value: An <angle> specifying the angle to rotate the affected element through, around the Z axis. Equivalent to a rotate() (2D rotation) function.
x, y, or z axis name plus angle value: The name of the axis you want to rotate the affected element around ("x", "y", or "z"), plus an <angle> specifying the angle to rotate the element through. Equivalent to a rotateX()/rotateY()/rotateZ() (3D rotation) function.
vector plus angle value: Three <number>s representing an origin-centered vector that defines a line around which you want to rotate the element, plus an <angle> specifying the angle to rotate the element through. Equivalent to a rotate3d() (3D rotation) function.
none: Specifies that no rotation should be applied.

Formal definition

Initial value	`none`
Applies to	transformable elements
Inherited	no
Computed value	as specified
Animation type	a transform
Creates stacking context	yes

Formal syntax

none | <angle> | [ x | y | z | <number>{3} ] && <angle>

Examples

Rotate an element on hover

HTML

<div>
  <p class="rotate">Rotation</p>
</div>

CSS

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  font-family: sans-serif;
}

div {
  width: 150px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

p {
  padding: 10px 5px;
  border: 3px solid black;
  border-radius: 20px;
  width: 150px;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.rotate {
  transition: rotate 1s;
}

div:hover .rotate {
  rotate: 1 -0.5 1 180deg;
}

Result

Specifications

Specification	Status	Comment
CSS Transforms Level 2The definition of 'individual transforms' in that specification.	Editor's Draft	Initial definition.

Browser compatibility

Update compatibility data on GitHub

	Desktop						Mobile
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari	Android webview	Chrome for Android	Firefox for Android	Opera for Android	Safari on iOS	Samsung Internet
`rotate`	Chrome No support No	Edge No support No	Firefox Full support 72 Full support 72 No support 60 — 72 Disabled' Disabled' From version 60 until version 72 (exclusive): this feature is behind the `layout.css.individual-transform.enabled` preference (needs to be set to `true`). To change preferences in Firefox, visit about:config.	IE No support No	Opera No support No	Safari No support No	WebView Android No support No	Chrome Android No support No	Firefox Android Full support 60 Disabled' Full support 60 Disabled' Disabled' From version 60: this feature is behind the `layout.css.individual-transform.enabled` preference (needs to be set to `true`). To change preferences in Firefox, visit about:config.	Opera Android No support No	Safari iOS No support No	Samsung Internet Android No support No
x, y, or z axis name plus angle value	Chrome No support No	Edge No support No	Firefox Full support 72 Full support 72 No support 65 — 72 Disabled' Disabled' From version 65 until version 72 (exclusive): this feature is behind the `layout.css.individual-transform.enabled` preference (needs to be set to `true`). To change preferences in Firefox, visit about:config.	IE No support No	Opera No support No	Safari No support No	WebView Android No support No	Chrome Android No support No	Firefox Android Full support 65 Disabled' Full support 65 Disabled' Disabled' From version 65: this feature is behind the `layout.css.individual-transform.enabled` preference (needs to be set to `true`). To change preferences in Firefox, visit about:config.	Opera Android No support No	Safari iOS No support No	Samsung Internet Android No support No

Legend

Full support: Full support
No support: No support
User must explicitly enable this feature.': User must explicitly enable this feature.