Web/CSS/Layout cookbook/Pagination

This cookbook pattern demonstrates the navigation pattern used to display pagination, where the user can move between pages of content such as search results.

[[File:../../../../../../media.prod.mdn.mozit.cloud/attachments/2018/10/23/16279/eba015d61ac5314c6a96358746494412/pagination.png|Links to sets of pages in a paged listing]]

Requirements

The pagination pattern typically displays items in a row. To ensure that the pagination is understandable by people using a screenreader, we mark the items up as a list inside a <nav> element, and then use CSS to display the layout visually as a row.

Typically, the pagination component will be centered horizontally underneath the content.

Recipe

Download this example

Choices made

This pattern is laid out using flexbox — one flex container nested inside another. The <nav> element is designated a flex container in order that we can center the list inside using the justify-content property.

The list itself also becomes a flex container to lay the items out as a row. To space the items out we will use a margin on the flex items.

Alternative methods

Once the column-gap property has implementation in browsers this could be used instead of margins to space out the items.

.pagination {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0; 
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  column-gap: 2px;
}

Accessibility concerns

We want to ensure that a person using a screenreader understands what this navigation does, and where they will go when clicking a link. To help with this we have added aria-label="pagination" on the <nav> element. 

We have also added some additional content that would be read by a screenreader but is hidden visually, and set the aria-hidden attribute on the paging arrows.

The "See Also" section at the end of this document has links to related accessibility topics.

Browser compatibility

The various layout methods have different browser support. See the charts below for details on basic support for the properties used.

The compatibility table in this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data and send us a pull request.

Include the compat data for key properties you used, as in the example below which includes align-items.

justify-content

Update compatibility data on GitHub

	Desktop						Mobile
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari	Android webview	Chrome for Android	Firefox for Android	Opera for Android	Safari on iOS	Samsung Internet
Supported in Flex Layout	Chrome Full support 52 Full support 52 Partial support 29 Notes' Notes' Older versions of the specification treat absolute positioned children as though they are a 0 by 0 flex item. Later specification versions take the children out of the flow and set their positions based on align and justify properties. Chrome implements the new behavior beginning with Chrome 52. Full support 21 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-	Edge Full support 12 Full support 12 Full support 12 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-	Firefox Full support 20 Notes' Full support 20 Notes' Notes' Before Firefox 27, Firefox supported only single-line flexbox. No support 18 — 20 Disabled' Disabled' From version 18 until version 20 (exclusive): this feature is behind the layout.css.flexbox.enabled preference (needs to be set to true). To change preferences in Firefox, visit about:config. Full support 49 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- Full support 48 Prefixed' Disabled' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- Disabled' From version 48: this feature is behind the layout.css.prefixes.webkit preference (needs to be set to true). To change preferences in Firefox, visit about:config.	IE Full support 11	Opera Full support 12.1	Safari Full support 9 Full support 9 Full support 6.1 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-	WebView Android Full support 52 Full support 52 Partial support 4.4 Notes' Notes' Older versions of the specification treat absolute positioned children as though they are a 0 by 0 flex item. Later specification versions take the children out of the flow and set their positions based on align and justify properties. Chrome implements the new behavior beginning with Chrome 52. Full support ≤37 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-	Chrome Android Full support 52 Full support 52 Partial support 29 Notes' Notes' Older versions of the specification treat absolute positioned children as though they are a 0 by 0 flex item. Later specification versions take the children out of the flow and set their positions based on align and justify properties. Chrome implements the new behavior beginning with Chrome 52. Full support 25 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-	Firefox Android Full support 20 Notes' Full support 20 Notes' Notes' Before Firefox 27, Firefox supported only single-line flexbox. No support 18 — 20 Disabled' Disabled' From version 18 until version 20 (exclusive): this feature is behind the layout.css.flexbox.enabled preference (needs to be set to true). To change preferences in Firefox, visit about:config. Full support 49 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- Full support 48 Prefixed' Disabled' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- Disabled' From version 48: this feature is behind the layout.css.prefixes.webkit preference (needs to be set to true). To change preferences in Firefox, visit about:config.	Opera Android Full support 12.1	Safari iOS Full support 9 Full support 9 Full support 6.1 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-	Samsung Internet Android Full support 6.0 Full support 6.0 Partial support 2.0 Notes' Notes' Older versions of the specification treat absolute positioned children as though they are a 0 by 0 flex item. Later specification versions take the children out of the flow and set their positions based on align and justify properties. Chrome implements the new behavior beginning with Chrome 52. Full support 1.5 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-
Supported in Grid Layout	Chrome Full support 57	Edge Full support 16	Firefox Full support 52	IE No support No	Opera Full support 44	Safari Full support 10.1	WebView Android Full support 57	Chrome Android Full support 52	Firefox Android Full support 52	Opera Android Full support 43	Safari iOS Full support 10.3	Samsung Internet Android Full support 6.2

Legend

Full support  

Full support

No support  

No support

See implementation notes.'

See implementation notes.

User must explicitly enable this feature.'

User must explicitly enable this feature.

Requires a vendor prefix or different name for use.'

Requires a vendor prefix or different name for use.

column-gap in Flex layout

Update compatibility data on GitHub

	Desktop						Mobile
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari	Android webview	Chrome for Android	Firefox for Android	Opera for Android	Safari on iOS	Samsung Internet
Supported in Flex Layout	Chrome Full support 84	Edge Full support 84	Firefox Full support 63	IE No support No	Opera Full support 70	Safari No support No	WebView Android Full support 84	Chrome Android Full support 84	Firefox Android Full support 63	Opera Android No support No	Safari iOS No support No	Samsung Internet Android No support No

Legend

Full support  

Full support

No support  

No support

See also

• justify-content, column-gap
• Know your ARIA: 'Hidden' vs 'None'
• Invisible content just for screen reader users
• Writing CSS With Accessibility in mind
• a11y Style Guide: Pagination

Pagination by Mozilla Contributors is licensed under CC-BY-SA 2.5.