Tar/multiple
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4.2.2.2 Multiple Members with the Same Name
You can use `--append'
(`-r'
) to add copies of files
which have been updated since the archive was created. (However, we
do not recommend doing this since there is another tar
option called `--update'
; See section Updating an Archive, for more information.
We describe this use of `--append'
here for the sake of
completeness.) When you extract the archive, the older version will
be effectively lost. This works because files are extracted from an
archive in the order in which they were archived. Thus, when the
archive is extracted, a file archived later in time will replace a
file of the same name which was archived earlier, even though the
older version of the file will remain in the archive unless you delete
all versions of the file.
Supposing you change the file `blues'
and then append the changed
version to `collection.tar'
. As you saw above, the original
`blues'
is in the archive `collection.tar'
. If you change the
file and append the new version of the file to the archive, there will
be two copies in the archive. When you extract the archive, the older
version of the file will be extracted first, and then replaced by the
newer version when it is extracted.
You can append the new, changed copy of the file `blues'
to the
archive in this way:
$ tar --append --verbose --file=collection.tar blues blues |
Because you specified the `--verbose'
option, tar
has
printed the name of the file being appended as it was acted on. Now
list the contents of the archive:
$ tar --list --verbose --file=collection.tar -rw-r--r-- me/user 28 1996-10-18 16:31 jazz -rw-r--r-- me/user 21 1996-09-23 16:44 blues -rw-r--r-- me/user 20 1996-09-23 16:44 folk -rw-r--r-- me/user 20 1996-09-23 16:44 rock -rw-r--r-- me/user 58 1996-10-24 18:30 blues |
The newest version of `blues'
is now at the end of the archive
(note the different creation dates and file sizes). If you extract
the archive, the older version of the file `blues'
will be
replaced by the newer version. You can confirm this by extracting
the archive and running `ls'
on the directory.
If you wish to extract the first occurrence of the file `blues'
from the archive, use `--occurrence'
option, as shown in
the following example:
$ tar --extract -vv --occurrence --file=collection.tar blues -rw-r--r-- me/user 21 1996-09-23 16:44 blues |
See section Changing How tar
Writes Files, for more information on `--extract'
and
see -occurrence, for a description of
`--occurrence'
option.
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