GNU tar 1.34: Table of Contents

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Table of Contents

• 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 What this Book Contains
  • 1.2 Some Definitions
  • 1.3 What tar Does
  • 1.4 How tar Archives are Named
  • 1.5 GNU tar Authors
  • 1.6 Reporting bugs or suggestions
• 2 Tutorial Introduction to tar
  • 2.1 Assumptions this Tutorial Makes
  • 2.2 Stylistic Conventions
  • 2.3 Basic tar Operations and Options
  • 2.4 The Three Most Frequently Used Operations
  • 2.5 Two Frequently Used Options
    • The ‘--file’ Option
    • The ‘--verbose’ Option
    • Getting Help: Using the ‘--help’ Option
  • 2.6 How to Create Archives
    • 2.6.1 Preparing a Practice Directory for Examples
    • 2.6.2 Creating the Archive
    • 2.6.3 Running ‘--create’ with ‘--verbose’
    • 2.6.4 Short Forms with ‘create’
    • 2.6.5 Archiving Directories
  • 2.7 How to List Archives
    • Listing the Contents of a Stored Directory
  • 2.8 How to Extract Members from an Archive
    • 2.8.1 Extracting an Entire Archive
    • 2.8.2 Extracting Specific Files
    • 2.8.3 Extracting Files that are Directories
    • 2.8.4 Extracting Archives from Untrusted Sources
    • 2.8.5 Commands That Will Fail
  • 2.9 Going Further Ahead in this Manual
• 3 Invoking GNU tar
  • 3.1 General Synopsis of tar
  • 3.2 Using tar Options
  • 3.3 The Three Option Styles
    • 3.3.1 Long Option Style
    • 3.3.2 Short Option Style
    • 3.3.3 Old Option Style
    • 3.3.4 Mixing Option Styles
  • 3.4 All tar Options
    • 3.4.1 Operations
    • 3.4.2 tar Options
    • 3.4.3 Short Options Cross Reference
    • 3.4.4 Position-Sensitive Options
  • 3.5 GNU tar documentation
  • 3.6 Obtaining GNU tar default values
  • 3.7 Checking tar progress
  • 3.8 Checkpoints
  • 3.9 Controlling Warning Messages
  • 3.10 Asking for Confirmation During Operations
  • 3.11 Running External Commands
• 4 GNU tar Operations
  • 4.1 Basic GNU tar Operations
  • 4.2 Advanced GNU tar Operations
    • 4.2.1 The Five Advanced tar Operations
    • 4.2.2 How to Add Files to Existing Archives: ‘--append’
      • 4.2.2.1 Appending Files to an Archive
      • 4.2.2.2 Multiple Members with the Same Name
    • 4.2.3 Updating an Archive
      • 4.2.3.1 How to Update an Archive Using ‘--update’
    • 4.2.4 Combining Archives with ‘--concatenate’
    • 4.2.5 Removing Archive Members Using ‘--delete’
    • 4.2.6 Comparing Archive Members with the File System
  • 4.3 Options Used by ‘--create’
    • 4.3.1 Overriding File Metadata
    • 4.3.2 Extended File Attributes
    • 4.3.3 Ignore Failed Read
  • 4.4 Options Used by ‘--extract’
    • 4.4.1 Options to Help Read Archives
      • Reading Full Records
      • Ignoring Blocks of Zeros
    • 4.4.2 Changing How tar Writes Files
      • Options Controlling the Overwriting of Existing Files
      • Overwrite Old Files
      • Keep Old Files
      • Keep Newer Files
      • Unlink First
      • Recursive Unlink
      • Setting Data Modification Times
      • Setting Access Permissions
      • Directory Modification Times and Permissions
      • Writing to Standard Output
      • Writing to an External Program
      • Removing Files
    • 4.4.3 Coping with Scarce Resources
      • Starting File
      • Same Order
  • 4.5 Backup options
  • 4.6 Looking Ahead: The Rest of this Manual
• 5 Performing Backups and Restoring Files
  • 5.1 Using tar to Perform Full Dumps
  • 5.2 Using tar to Perform Incremental Dumps
  • 5.3 Levels of Backups
  • 5.4 Setting Parameters for Backups and Restoration
    • 5.4.1 General-Purpose Variables
    • 5.4.2 Magnetic Tape Control
    • 5.4.3 User Hooks
    • 5.4.4 An Example Text of ‘Backup-specs’
  • 5.5 Using the Backup Scripts
  • 5.6 Using the Restore Script
• 6 Choosing Files and Names for tar
  • 6.1 Choosing and Naming Archive Files
  • 6.2 Selecting Archive Members
  • 6.3 Reading Names from a File
    • 6.3.1 NUL-Terminated File Names
  • 6.4 Excluding Some Files
    • Problems with Using the exclude Options
  • 6.5 Wildcards Patterns and Matching
    • Controlling Pattern-Matching
  • 6.6 Quoting Member Names
  • 6.7 Modifying File and Member Names
  • 6.8 Operating Only on New Files
  • 6.9 Descending into Directories
  • 6.10 Crossing File System Boundaries
    • 6.10.1 Changing the Working Directory
    • 6.10.2 Absolute File Names
• 7 Date input formats
  • 7.1 General date syntax
  • 7.2 Calendar date items
  • 7.3 Time of day items
  • 7.4 Time zone items
  • 7.5 Combined date and time of day items
  • 7.6 Day of week items
  • 7.7 Relative items in date strings
  • 7.8 Pure numbers in date strings
  • 7.9 Seconds since the Epoch
  • 7.10 Specifying time zone rules
  • 7.11 Authors of parse_datetime
• 8 Controlling the Archive Format
  • 8.1 Using Less Space through Compression
    • 8.1.1 Creating and Reading Compressed Archives
      • 8.1.1.1 Using lbzip2 with GNU tar.
    • 8.1.2 Archiving Sparse Files
  • 8.2 Handling File Attributes
  • 8.3 Making tar Archives More Portable
    • 8.3.1 Portable Names
    • 8.3.2 Symbolic Links
    • 8.3.3 Hard Links
    • 8.3.4 Old V7 Archives
    • 8.3.5 Ustar Archive Format
    • 8.3.6 GNU and old GNU tar format
    • 8.3.7 GNU tar and POSIX tar
      • 8.3.7.1 Controlling Extended Header Keywords
    • 8.3.8 Checksumming Problems
    • 8.3.9 Large or Negative Values
    • 8.3.10 How to Extract GNU-Specific Data Using Other tar Implementations
      • 8.3.10.1 Extracting Members Split Between Volumes
      • 8.3.10.2 Extracting Sparse Members
  • 8.4 Comparison of tar and cpio
• 9 Tapes and Other Archive Media
  • 9.1 Device Selection and Switching
  • 9.2 Remote Tape Server
  • 9.3 Some Common Problems and their Solutions
  • 9.4 Blocking
    • 9.4.1 Format Variations
    • 9.4.2 The Blocking Factor of an Archive
  • 9.5 Many Archives on One Tape
    • 9.5.1 Tape Positions and Tape Marks
    • 9.5.2 The mt Utility
  • 9.6 Using Multiple Tapes
    • 9.6.1 Archives Longer than One Tape or Disk
    • 9.6.2 Tape Files
    • 9.6.3 Concatenate Volumes into a Single Archive
  • 9.7 Including a Label in the Archive
  • 9.8 Verifying Data as It is Stored
  • 9.9 Write Protection
• 10 Reliability and Security
  • 10.1 Reliability
    • 10.1.1 Permissions Problems
    • 10.1.2 Data Corruption and Repair
    • 10.1.3 Race conditions
  • 10.2 Security
    • 10.2.1 Privacy
    • 10.2.2 Integrity
    • 10.2.3 Dealing with Live Untrusted Data
    • 10.2.4 Security Rules of Thumb
• Appendix A Changes
• Appendix B Recipes
  • B.1 Copying directory hierarchies
  • B.2 Restoring Intermediate Directories
• Appendix C Configuring Help Summary
• Appendix D Fixing Snapshot Files
• Appendix E Tar Internals
  • Basic Tar Format
  • GNU Extensions to the Archive Format
  • Storing Sparse Files
    • E.0.1 Old GNU Format
    • E.0.2 PAX Format, Versions 0.0 and 0.1
    • E.0.3 PAX Format, Version 1.0
  • Format of the Incremental Snapshot Files
  • Dumpdir
• Appendix F Genfile
  • F.1 Generate Mode
  • F.2 Status Mode
  • F.3 Exec Mode
• Appendix G GNU Free Documentation License
• Appendix H Index of Command Line Options
• Appendix I Index

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