Date conversion specifiers (GNU Coreutils 9.0)

21.1.2 Date conversion specifiers

date conversion specifiers related to dates.

‘%a’: locale’s abbreviated weekday name (e.g., ‘Sun’)
‘%A’: locale’s full weekday name, variable length (e.g., ‘Sunday’)
‘%b’: locale’s abbreviated month name (e.g., ‘Jan’)
‘%B’: locale’s full month name, variable length (e.g., ‘January’)
‘%c’: locale’s date and time (e.g., ‘Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2020’)
‘%C’: century. This is like ‘%Y’, except the last two digits are omitted. For example, it is ‘20’ if ‘%Y’ is ‘2019’, and is ‘-0’ if ‘%Y’ is ‘-001’. It is normally at least two characters, but it may be more.
‘%d’: day of month (e.g., ‘01’)
‘%D’: date; same as ‘%m/%d/%y’
‘%e’: day of month, space padded; same as ‘%_d’
‘%F’: full date in ISO 8601 format; like ‘%+4Y-%m-%d’ except that any flags or field width override the ‘+’ and (after subtracting 6) the ‘4’. This is a good choice for a date format, as it is standard and is easy to sort in the usual case where years are in the range 0000…9999.
‘%g’: year corresponding to the ISO week number, but without the century (range ‘00’ through ‘99’). This has the same format and value as ‘%y’, except that if the ISO week number (see ‘%V’) belongs to the previous or next year, that year is used instead.
‘%G’: year corresponding to the ISO week number. This has the same format and value as ‘%Y’, except that if the ISO week number (see ‘%V’) belongs to the previous or next year, that year is used instead. It is normally useful only if ‘%V’ is also used; for example, the format ‘%G-%m-%d’ is probably a mistake, since it combines the ISO week number year with the conventional month and day.
‘%h’: same as ‘%b’
‘%j’: day of year (‘001’…‘366’)
‘%m’: month (‘01’…‘12’)
‘%q’: quarter of year (‘1’…‘4’)
‘%u’: day of week (‘1’…‘7’) with ‘1’ corresponding to Monday
‘%U’: week number of year, with Sunday as the first day of the week (‘00’…‘53’). Days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are in week zero.
‘%V’: ISO week number, that is, the week number of year, with Monday as the first day of the week (‘01’…‘53’). If the week containing January 1 has four or more days in the new year, then it is considered week 1; otherwise, it is week 53 of the previous year, and the next week is week 1. (See the ISO 8601 standard.)
‘%w’: day of week (‘0’…‘6’) with 0 corresponding to Sunday
‘%W’: week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (‘00’…‘53’). Days in a new year preceding the first Monday are in week zero.
‘%x’: locale’s date representation (e.g., ‘12/31/99’)
‘%y’: last two digits of year (‘00’…‘99’)
‘%Y’: year. This is normally at least four characters, but it may be more. Year ‘0000’ precedes year ‘0001’, and year ‘-001’ precedes year ‘0000’.