Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global objects/Object/defineProperties

The Object.defineProperties() method defines new or modifies existing properties directly on an object, returning the object.

Syntax

Object.defineProperties(obj, props)

Parameters

obj

The object on which to define or modify properties.

props

An object whose keys represent the names of properties to be defined or modified and whose values are objects describing those properties. Each value in props must be either a data descriptor or an accessor descriptor; it cannot be both (see Object.defineProperty() for more details).

Data descriptors and accessor descriptors may optionally contain the following keys:

configurable: true if and only if the type of this property descriptor may be changed and if the property may be deleted from the corresponding object. Defaults to false.
enumerable: true if and only if this property shows up during enumeration of the properties on the corresponding object. Defaults to false.

A data descriptor also has the following optional keys:

value: The value associated with the property. Can be any valid JavaScript value (number, object, function, etc). Defaults to undefined.
writable: true if and only if the value associated with the property may be changed with an assignment operator. Defaults to false.

An accessor descriptor also has the following optional keys:

get: A function which serves as a getter for the property, or undefined if there is no getter. The function's return value will be used as the value of the property. Defaults to undefined.
set: A function which serves as a setter for the property, or undefined if there is no setter. The function will receive as its only argument the new value being assigned to the property. Defaults to undefined.

If a descriptor has neither of value, writable, get and set keys, it is treated as a data descriptor. If a descriptor has both value or writable and get or set keys, an exception is thrown.

Return value

The object that was passed to the function.

Examples

Using Object.defineProperties

var obj = {};
Object.defineProperties(obj, {
  'property1': {
    value: true,
    writable: true
  },
  'property2': {
    value: 'Hello',
    writable: false
  }
  // etc. etc.
});

Polyfill

Assuming a pristine execution environment with all names and properties referring to their initial values, Object.defineProperties is almost completely equivalent (note the comment in isCallable) to the following reimplementation in JavaScript:

function defineProperties(obj, properties) {
  function convertToDescriptor(desc) {
    function hasProperty(obj, prop) {
      return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, prop);
    }

    function isCallable(v) {
      // NB: modify as necessary if other values than functions are callable.
      return typeof v === 'function';
    }

    if (typeof desc !== 'object' || desc === null)
      throw new TypeError('bad desc');

    var d = {};

    if (hasProperty(desc, 'enumerable'))
      d.enumerable = !!desc.enumerable;
    if (hasProperty(desc, 'configurable'))
      d.configurable = !!desc.configurable;
    if (hasProperty(desc, 'value'))
      d.value = desc.value;
    if (hasProperty(desc, 'writable'))
      d.writable = !!desc.writable;
    if (hasProperty(desc, 'get')) {
      var g = desc.get;

      if (!isCallable(g) && typeof g !== 'undefined')
        throw new TypeError('bad get');
      d.get = g;
    }
    if (hasProperty(desc, 'set')) {
      var s = desc.set;
      if (!isCallable(s) && typeof s !== 'undefined')
        throw new TypeError('bad set');
      d.set = s;
    }

    if (('get' in d || 'set' in d) && ('value' in d || 'writable' in d))
      throw new TypeError('identity-confused descriptor');

    return d;
  }

  if (typeof obj !== 'object' || obj === null)
    throw new TypeError('bad obj');

  properties = Object(properties);

  var keys = Object.keys(properties);
  var descs = [];

  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++)
    descs.push([keys[i], convertToDescriptor(properties[keys[i]])]);

  for (var i = 0; i < descs.length; i++)
    Object.defineProperty(obj, descs[i][0], descs[i][1]);

  return obj;
}

Specifications

Specification
ECMAScript (ECMA-262)The definition of 'Object.defineProperties' in that specification.

Browser compatibility

Update compatibility data on GitHub

	Desktop						Mobile						Server
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari	Android webview	Chrome for Android	Firefox for Android	Opera for Android	Safari on iOS	Samsung Internet	Node.js
`defineProperties`	Chrome Full support 5	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 4	IE Full support 9	Opera Full support 11.6	Safari Full support 5	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 12	Safari iOS Full support 5	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support Yes

Legend

Full support: Full support