Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global objects/Math

Math is a built-in object that has properties and methods for mathematical constants and functions. It’s not a function object.

Math works with the Number type. It doesn't work with BigInt.

Description

Unlike many other global objects, Math is not a constructor. All properties and methods of Math are static. You refer to the constant pi as Math.PI and you call the sine function as Math.sin(x), where x is the method’s argument. Constants are defined with the full precision of real numbers in JavaScript.

Note: Many Math functions have a precision that’s implementation-dependent.

This means that different browsers can give a different result. Even the same JavaScript engine on a different OS or architecture can give different results!

Static properties

Math.E

Euler's constant and the base of natural logarithms; approximately 2.718.

Math.LN2

Natural logarithm of 2; approximately 0.693.

Math.LN10

Natural logarithm of 10; approximately 2.303.

Math.LOG2E

Base-2 logarithm of E; approximately 1.443.

Math.LOG10E

Base-10 logarithm of E; approximately 0.434.

Math.PI

Ratio of the a circle's circumference to its diameter; approximately 3.14159.

Math.SQRT1_2

Square root of ½ (or equivalently, ¹/_√2); approximately 0.707.

Math.SQRT2

Square root of 2; approximately 1.414.

Static methods

Math.abs(x)

Returns the absolute value of x.

Math.acos(x)

Returns the arccosine of x.

Math.acosh(x)

Returns the hyperbolic arccosine of x.

Math.asin(x)

Returns the arcsine of x.

Math.asinh(x)

Returns the hyperbolic arcsine of a number.

Math.atan(x)

Returns the arctangent of x.

Math.atanh(x)

Returns the hyperbolic arctangent of x.

Math.atan2(y, x)

Returns the arctangent of the quotient of its arguments.

Math.cbrt(x)

Returns the cube root of x.

Math.ceil(x)

Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.

Math.clz32(x)

Returns the number of leading zeroes of the 32-bit integer x.

Math.cos(x)

Returns the cosine of x.

Math.cosh(x)

Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x.

Math.exp(x)

Returns Ex, where x is the argument, and E is Euler's constant (2.718…, the base of the natural logarithm).

Math.expm1(x)

Returns subtracting 1 from exp(x).

Math.floor(x)

Returns the largest integer less than or equal to x.

Math.fround(x)

Returns the nearest single precision float representation of x.

Math.hypot([x[, y[, …])]]

Returns the square root of the sum of squares of its arguments.

Math.imul(x, y)

Returns the result of the 32-bit integer multiplication of x and y.

Math.log(x)

Returns the natural logarithm (㏒_e; also, ㏑) of x.

Math.log1p(x)

Returns the natural logarithm (㏒_e; also ㏑) of 1 + x for the number x.

Math.log10(x)

Returns the base-10 logarithm of x.

Math.log2(x)

Returns the base-2 logarithm of x.

Math.max([x[, y[, …])]]

Returns the largest of zero or more numbers.

Math.min([x[, y[, …])]]

Returns the smallest of zero or more numbers.

Math.pow(x, y)

Returns base x to the exponent power y (that is, xy).

Math.random()

Returns a pseudo-random number between 0 and 1.

Math.round(x)

Returns the value of the number x rounded to the nearest integer.

Math.sign(x)

Returns the sign of the x, indicating whether x is positive, negative, or zero.

Math.sin(x)

Returns the sine of x.

Math.sinh(x)

Returns the hyperbolic sine of x.

Math.sqrt(x)

Returns the positive square root of x.

Math.tan(x)

Returns the tangent of x.

Math.tanh(x)

Returns the hyperbolic tangent of x.

Math.trunc(x)

Returns the integer portion of x, removing any fractional digits.

Examples

Converting between degrees and radians

The trigonometric functions sin(), cos(), tan(), asin(), acos(), atan(), and atan2() expect (and return) angles in radians.

Since humans tend to think in degrees, and some functions (such as CSS transforms) can accept degrees, it is a good idea to keep functions handy that convert between the two:

function degToRad(degrees) {
  return degrees * (Math.PI / 180);
};

function radToDeg(rad) {
  return rad / (Math.PI / 180);
};

Calculating the height of an equalateral triangle

If we want to calculate the height of an equalateral triangle, and we know its side length is 100, we can use the formulae length of the adjacent multiplied by the tangent of the angle is equal to the opposite.

[[File:../../../../../../../media.prod.mdn.mozit.cloud/attachments/2017/04/05/14829/1cf0336f84311a5a898df373f9e90318/trigonometry.png]]

In JavaScript, we can do this with the following:

50 * Math.tan(degToRad(60)).

We use our degToRad() function to convert 60 degrees to radians, as Math.tan() expects an input value in radians.

Returning a random integer between two bounds

This can be achieved with a combination of Math.random() and Math.floor():

function random(min, max) {
  const num = Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;
  return num;
}

random(1, 10);

Specifications

Specification
ECMAScript (ECMA-262)The definition of 'Math' in that specification.

Browser compatibility

The compatibility table in this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data and send us a pull request.

Update compatibility data on GitHub

	Desktop						Mobile						Server
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari	Android webview	Chrome for Android	Firefox for Android	Opera for Android	Safari on iOS	Samsung Internet	Node.js
E	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
LN2	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
LN10	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
LOG2E	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
LOG10E	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
PI	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
SQRT1_2	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
SQRT2	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
abs	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
acos	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
acosh	Chrome Full support 38	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 25	IE No support No	Opera Full support 25	Safari Full support 8	WebView Android Full support 38	Chrome Android Full support 38	Firefox Android Full support 25	Opera Android Full support 25	Safari iOS Full support 8	Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0	nodejs Full support 0.12
asin	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
asinh	Chrome Full support 38	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 25	IE No support No	Opera Full support 25	Safari Full support 8	WebView Android Full support 38	Chrome Android Full support 38	Firefox Android Full support 25	Opera Android Full support 25	Safari iOS Full support 8	Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0	nodejs Full support 0.12
atan	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
atan2	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 4	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
atanh	Chrome Full support 38	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 25	IE No support No	Opera Full support 25	Safari Full support 8	WebView Android Full support 38	Chrome Android Full support 38	Firefox Android Full support 25	Opera Android Full support 25	Safari iOS Full support 8	Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0	nodejs Full support 0.12
cbrt	Chrome Full support 38	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 25	IE No support No	Opera Full support 25	Safari Full support 8	WebView Android Full support 38	Chrome Android Full support 38	Firefox Android Full support 25	Opera Android Full support 25	Safari iOS Full support 8	Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0	nodejs Full support 0.12
ceil	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
clz32	Chrome Full support 38	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 31	IE No support No	Opera Full support 25	Safari Full support 7	WebView Android Full support 38	Chrome Android Full support 38	Firefox Android Full support 31	Opera Android Full support 25	Safari iOS Full support 7	Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0	nodejs Full support 0.12
cos	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
cosh	Chrome Full support 38	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 25	IE No support No	Opera Full support 25	Safari Full support 8	WebView Android Full support 38	Chrome Android Full support 38	Firefox Android Full support 25	Opera Android Full support 25	Safari iOS Full support 8	Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0	nodejs Full support 0.12
exp	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
expm1	Chrome Full support 38	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 25	IE No support No	Opera Full support 25	Safari Full support 8	WebView Android Full support 38	Chrome Android Full support 38	Firefox Android Full support 25	Opera Android Full support 25	Safari iOS Full support 8	Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0	nodejs Full support 0.12
floor	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
fround	Chrome Full support 38	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 26	IE No support No	Opera Full support 25	Safari Full support 8	WebView Android Full support 38	Chrome Android Full support 38	Firefox Android Full support 26	Opera Android Full support 25	Safari iOS Full support 8	Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0	nodejs Full support 0.12
hypot	Chrome Full support 38	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 27	IE No support No	Opera Full support 25	Safari Full support 8	WebView Android Full support 38	Chrome Android Full support 38	Firefox Android Full support 27	Opera Android Full support 25	Safari iOS Full support 8	Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0	nodejs Full support 0.12
imul	Chrome Full support 28	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 20	IE No support No	Opera Full support 16	Safari Full support 7	WebView Android Full support ≤37	Chrome Android Full support 28	Firefox Android Full support 20	Opera Android Full support 15	Safari iOS Full support 7	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.5	nodejs Full support 0.12
log	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
log1p	Chrome Full support 38	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 25	IE No support No	Opera Full support 25	Safari Full support 8	WebView Android Full support 38	Chrome Android Full support 38	Firefox Android Full support 25	Opera Android Full support 25	Safari iOS Full support 8	Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0	nodejs Full support 0.12
log2	Chrome Full support 38	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 25	IE No support No	Opera Full support 25	Safari Full support 8	WebView Android Full support 38	Chrome Android Full support 38	Firefox Android Full support 25	Opera Android Full support 25	Safari iOS Full support 8	Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0	nodejs Full support 0.12
log10	Chrome Full support 38	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 25	IE No support No	Opera Full support 25	Safari Full support 8	WebView Android Full support 38	Chrome Android Full support 38	Firefox Android Full support 25	Opera Android Full support 25	Safari iOS Full support 8	Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0	nodejs Full support 0.12
max	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
min	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
pow	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
random	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
round	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
sign	Chrome Full support 38	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 25	IE No support No	Opera Full support 25	Safari Full support 9	WebView Android Full support 38	Chrome Android Full support 38	Firefox Android Full support 25	Opera Android Full support 25	Safari iOS Full support 9	Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0	nodejs Full support 0.12
sin	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
sinh	Chrome Full support 38	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 25	IE No support No	Opera Full support 25	Safari Full support 8	WebView Android Full support 38	Chrome Android Full support 38	Firefox Android Full support 25	Opera Android Full support 25	Safari iOS Full support 8	Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0	nodejs Full support 0.12
sqrt	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
tan	Chrome Full support 1	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 1	IE Full support 3	Opera Full support 3	Safari Full support 1	WebView Android Full support 1	Chrome Android Full support 18	Firefox Android Full support 4	Opera Android Full support 10.1	Safari iOS Full support 1	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0	nodejs Full support 0.1.100
tanh	Chrome Full support 38	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 25	IE No support No	Opera Full support 25	Safari Full support 8	WebView Android Full support 38	Chrome Android Full support 38	Firefox Android Full support 25	Opera Android Full support 25	Safari iOS Full support 8	Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0	nodejs Full support 0.12
trunc	Chrome Full support 38	Edge Full support 12	Firefox Full support 25	IE No support No	Opera Full support 25	Safari Full support 8	WebView Android Full support 38	Chrome Android Full support 38	Firefox Android Full support 25	Opera Android Full support 25	Safari iOS Full support 8	Samsung Internet Android Full support 3.0	nodejs Full support 0.12

Legend

Full support  

Full support

No support  

No support

See also

• Number

Math by Mozilla Contributors is licensed under CC-BY-SA 2.5.