Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global objects/Date

From Get docs


JavaScript Date objects represent a single moment in time in a platform-independent format. Date objects contain a Number that represents milliseconds since 1 January 1970 UTC.

TC39 is working on Temporal, a new Date/Time API. Read more about it on the Igalia blog and fill out the survey. It needs real-world feedback from web developers, but is not yet ready for production use!


Description

The ECMAScript epoch and timestamps

A JavaScript date is fundamentally specified as the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since midnight on January 1, 1970, UTC. This date and time are not the same as the UNIX epoch (the number of seconds that have elapsed since midnight on January 1, 1970, UTC), which is the predominant base value for computer-recorded date and time values.

Note: It's important to keep in mind that while the time value at the heart of a Date object is UTC, the basic methods to fetch the date and time or its components all work in the local (i.e. host system) time zone and offset.

It should be noted that the maximum Date is not of the same value as the maximum safe integer (Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER is 9,007,199,254,740,991). Instead, it is defined in ECMA-262 that a maximum of ±100,000,000 (one hundred million) days relative to January 1, 1970 UTC (that is, April 20, 271821 BCE ~ September 13, 275760 CE) can be represented by the standard Date object (equivalent to ±8,640,000,000,000,000 milliseconds).

Date format and time zone conversions

There are several methods available to obtain a date in various formats, as well as to perform time zone conversions. Particularly useful are the functions that output the date and time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the global standard time defined by the World Time Standard. (This time is historically known as Greenwich Mean Time, as UTC lies along the meridian that includes London—and nearby Greenwich—in the United Kingdom.) The user's device provides the local time.

In addition to methods to read and alter individual components of the local date and time (such as getDay() and setHours()), there are also versions of the same methods that read and manipulate the date and time using UTC (such as getUTCDay() and setUTCHours()).

Constructor

Date()
Creates a new Date object.

Static methods

Date.now()
Returns the numeric value corresponding to the current time—the number of milliseconds elapsed since January 1, 1970 00:00:00 UTC, with leap seconds ignored.
Date.parse()
Parses a string representation of a date and returns the number of milliseconds since 1 January, 1970, 00:00:00 UTC, with leap seconds ignored.

Note: Parsing of strings with Date.parse is strongly discouraged due to browser differences and inconsistencies.

Date.UTC()
Accepts the same parameters as the longest form of the constructor (i.e. 2 to 7) and returns the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 UTC, with leap seconds ignored.

Instance methods

Date.prototype.getDate()
Returns the day of the month (131) for the specified date according to local time.
Date.prototype.getDay()
Returns the day of the week (06) for the specified date according to local time.
Date.prototype.getFullYear()
Returns the year (4 digits for 4-digit years) of the specified date according to local time.
Date.prototype.getHours()
Returns the hour (023) in the specified date according to local time.
Date.prototype.getMilliseconds()
Returns the milliseconds (0999) in the specified date according to local time.
Date.prototype.getMinutes()
Returns the minutes (059) in the specified date according to local time.
Date.prototype.getMonth()
Returns the month (011) in the specified date according to local time.
Date.prototype.getSeconds()
Returns the seconds (059) in the specified date according to local time.
Date.prototype.getTime()
Returns the numeric value of the specified date as the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 UTC. (Negative values are returned for prior times.)
Date.prototype.getTimezoneOffset()
Returns the time-zone offset in minutes for the current locale.
Date.prototype.getUTCDate()
Returns the day (date) of the month (131) in the specified date according to universal time.
Date.prototype.getUTCDay()
Returns the day of the week (06) in the specified date according to universal time.
Date.prototype.getUTCFullYear()
Returns the year (4 digits for 4-digit years) in the specified date according to universal time.
Date.prototype.getUTCHours()
Returns the hours (023) in the specified date according to universal time.
Date.prototype.getUTCMilliseconds()
Returns the milliseconds (0999) in the specified date according to universal time.
Date.prototype.getUTCMinutes()
Returns the minutes (059) in the specified date according to universal time.
Date.prototype.getUTCMonth()
Returns the month (011) in the specified date according to universal time.
Date.prototype.getUTCSeconds()
Returns the seconds (059) in the specified date according to universal time.
Date.prototype.getYear()
Returns the year (usually 2–3 digits) in the specified date according to local time. Use getFullYear() instead.
Date.prototype.setDate()
Sets the day of the month for a specified date according to local time.
Date.prototype.setFullYear()
Sets the full year (e.g. 4 digits for 4-digit years) for a specified date according to local time.
Date.prototype.setHours()
Sets the hours for a specified date according to local time.
Date.prototype.setMilliseconds()
Sets the milliseconds for a specified date according to local time.
Date.prototype.setMinutes()
Sets the minutes for a specified date according to local time.
Date.prototype.setMonth()
Sets the month for a specified date according to local time.
Date.prototype.setSeconds()
Sets the seconds for a specified date according to local time.
Date.prototype.setTime()
Sets the Date object to the time represented by a number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 UTC. Use negative numbers for times prior.
Date.prototype.setUTCDate()
Sets the day of the month for a specified date according to universal time.
Date.prototype.setUTCFullYear()
Sets the full year (e.g. 4 digits for 4-digit years) for a specified date according to universal time.
Date.prototype.setUTCHours()
Sets the hour for a specified date according to universal time.
Date.prototype.setUTCMilliseconds()
Sets the milliseconds for a specified date according to universal time.
Date.prototype.setUTCMinutes()
Sets the minutes for a specified date according to universal time.
Date.prototype.setUTCMonth()
Sets the month for a specified date according to universal time.
Date.prototype.setUTCSeconds()
Sets the seconds for a specified date according to universal time.
Date.prototype.setYear()
Sets the year (usually 2–3 digits) for a specified date according to local time. Use setFullYear() instead.
Date.prototype.toDateString()
Returns the "date" portion of the Date as a human-readable string like 'Thu Apr 12 2018'.
Date.prototype.toISOString()
Converts a date to a string following the ISO 8601 Extended Format.
Date.prototype.toJSON()
Returns a string representing the Date using toISOString(). Intended for use by JSON.stringify().
Date.prototype.toGMTString()
Returns a string representing the Date based on the GMT (UTC) time zone. Use toUTCString() instead.
Date.prototype.toLocaleDateString()
Returns a string with a locality sensitive representation of the date portion of this date based on system settings.
[[../../../../../Archive/Web/JavaScript/Date|Date.prototype.toLocaleFormat()]]
Converts a date to a string, using a format string.
Date.prototype.toLocaleString()
Returns a string with a locality-sensitive representation of this date. Overrides the Object.prototype.toLocaleString() method.
Date.prototype.toLocaleTimeString()
Returns a string with a locality-sensitive representation of the time portion of this date, based on system settings.
Date.prototype.toString()
Returns a string representing the specified Date object. Overrides the Object.prototype.toString() method.
Date.prototype.toTimeString()
Returns the "time" portion of the Date as a human-readable string.
Date.prototype.toUTCString()
Converts a date to a string using the UTC timezone.
Date.prototype.valueOf()
Returns the primitive value of a Date object. Overrides the Object.prototype.valueOf() method.

Examples

Several ways to create a Date object

The following examples show several ways to create JavaScript dates:

Note: Parsing of date strings with the Date constructor (and Date.parse, they are equivalent) is strongly discouraged due to browser differences and inconsistencies.


let today = new Date()
let birthday = new Date('December 17, 1995 03:24:00')
let birthday = new Date('1995-12-17T03:24:00')
let birthday = new Date(1995, 11, 17)            // the month is 0-indexed
let birthday = new Date(1995, 11, 17, 3, 24, 0)
let birthday = new Date(628021800000)            // passing epoch timestamp

 To get Date, Month and Year or Time

let [month, date, year]    = new Date().toLocaleDateString("en-US").split("/")
let [hour, minute, second] = new Date().toLocaleTimeString("en-US").split(/:| /)

Two digit years map to 1900 – 1999

Values from 0 to 99 map to the years 1900 to 1999. All other values are the actual year .

In order to create and get dates between the years 0 and 99 the Date.prototype.setFullYear() and Date.prototype.getFullYear() methods should be used.

let date = new Date(98, 1)  // Sun Feb 01 1998 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (GMT)

// Deprecated method; 98 maps to 1998 here as well
date.setYear(98)            // Sun Feb 01 1998 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (GMT)

date.setFullYear(98)        // Sat Feb 01 0098 00:00:00 GMT+0000 (BST)

Calculating elapsed time

The following examples show how to determine the elapsed time between two JavaScript dates in milliseconds.

Due to the differing lengths of days (due to daylight saving changeover), months, and years, expressing elapsed time in units greater than hours, minutes, and seconds requires addressing a number of issues, and should be thoroughly researched before being attempted.

// Using Date objects
let start = Date.now()

// The event to time goes here:
doSomethingForALongTime()
let end = Date.now()
let elapsed = end - start // elapsed time in milliseconds
// Using built-in methods
let start = new Date()

// The event to time goes here:
doSomethingForALongTime()
let end = new Date()
let elapsed = end.getTime() - start.getTime() // elapsed time in milliseconds
// To test a function and get back its return
function printElapsedTime(fTest) {
  let nStartTime = Date.now(),
      vReturn = fTest(),
      nEndTime = Date.now()

  console.log(`Elapsed time: ${ String(nEndTime - nStartTime) } milliseconds`)
  return vReturn
}

let yourFunctionReturn = printElapsedTime(yourFunction)

Note: In browsers that support the Web Performance API's high-resolution time feature, Performance.now() can provide more reliable and precise measurements of elapsed time than Date.now().


Get the number of seconds since the ECMAScript Epoch

let seconds = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000)

In this case, it's important to return only an integer—so a simple division won't do. It's also important to only return actually elapsed seconds. (That's why this code uses Math.floor(), and not Math.round().)

Specifications

Specification
ECMAScript (ECMA-262)The definition of 'Date' in that specification.

Browser compatibility

Update compatibility data on GitHub

Desktop Mobile Server
Chrome Edge Firefox Internet Explorer Opera Safari Android webview Chrome for Android Firefox for Android Opera for Android Safari on iOS Samsung Internet Node.js
Date Chrome

Full support 1

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Notes'

Full support 3

Notes'

Notes' The ISO8601 Date Format is not supported in Internet Explorer 8 or earlier.

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nodejs

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Date() constructor Chrome

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UTC Chrome

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Full support 1.0

nodejs

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getDate Chrome

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nodejs

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getDay Chrome

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nodejs

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getFullYear Chrome

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nodejs

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getHours Chrome

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getMilliseconds Chrome

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getMinutes Chrome

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nodejs

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getMonth Chrome

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nodejs

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getSeconds Chrome

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nodejs

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getTime Chrome

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Firefox Android

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nodejs

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getTimezoneOffset Chrome

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nodejs

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getUTCDate Chrome

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getUTCDay Chrome

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getUTCHours Chrome

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getUTCMilliseconds Chrome

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getUTCMinutes Chrome

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getUTCMonth Chrome

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getUTCSeconds Chrome

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getYear

Deprecated'

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now Chrome

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parse Chrome

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parse: ISO 8601 format Chrome

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setDate Chrome

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setFullYear Chrome

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setHours Chrome

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setMilliseconds Chrome

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setMinutes Chrome

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nodejs

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setMonth Chrome

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setSeconds Chrome

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setUTCFullYear Chrome

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setUTCMilliseconds Chrome

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setUTCMinutes Chrome

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Safari iOS

Full support 1

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.0

nodejs

Full support 0.1.100

setUTCMonth Chrome

Full support 1

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 1

IE

Full support 4

Opera

Full support 4

Safari

Full support 1

WebView Android

Full support 1

Chrome Android

Full support 18

Firefox Android

Full support 4

Opera Android

Full support 10.1

Safari iOS

Full support 1

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.0

nodejs

Full support 0.1.100

setUTCSeconds Chrome

Full support 1

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 1

IE

Full support 4

Opera

Full support 4

Safari

Full support 1

WebView Android

Full support 1

Chrome Android

Full support 18

Firefox Android

Full support 4

Opera Android

Full support 10.1

Safari iOS

Full support 1

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.0

nodejs

Full support 0.1.100

setYear

Deprecated'

Chrome

Full support 1

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 1

IE

Full support 3

Opera

Full support 3

Safari

Full support 1

WebView Android

Full support 1

Chrome Android

Full support 18

Firefox Android

Full support 4

Opera Android

Full support 10.1

Safari iOS

Full support 1

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.0

nodejs

Full support 0.1.100

toDateString Chrome

Full support 1

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 1

IE

Full support 5.5

Opera

Full support 5

Safari

Full support 1

WebView Android

Full support 1

Chrome Android

Full support 18

Firefox Android

Full support 4

Opera Android

Full support 10.1

Safari iOS

Full support 1

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.0

nodejs

Full support 0.1.100

toGMTString

Deprecated'

Chrome

Full support 1

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 1

IE

Full support 3

Opera

Full support 3

Safari

Full support 1

WebView Android

Full support 1

Chrome Android

Full support 18

Firefox Android

Full support 4

Opera Android

Full support 10.1

Safari iOS

Full support 1

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.0

nodejs

Full support 0.1.100

toISOString Chrome

Full support 3

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 1

IE

Full support 9

Opera

Full support 10.5

Safari

Full support 5

WebView Android

Full support ≤37

Chrome Android

Full support 18

Firefox Android

Full support 4

Opera Android

Full support 11

Safari iOS

Full support 4.2

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.0

nodejs

Full support 0.1.100

toJSON Chrome

Full support 3

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 1

IE

Full support 8

Opera

Full support 10.5

Safari

Full support 5

WebView Android

Full support ≤37

Chrome Android

Full support 18

Firefox Android

Full support 4

Opera Android

Full support 11

Safari iOS

Full support 4.2

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.0

nodejs

Full support 0.1.100

toLocaleDateString Chrome

Full support 1

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 1

IE

Full support 5.5

Opera

Full support 5

Safari

Full support 1

WebView Android

Full support 1

Chrome Android

Full support 18

Firefox Android

Full support 4

Opera Android

Full support 10.1

Safari iOS

Full support 1

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.0

nodejs

Full support 0.1.100

toLocaleDateString: IANA time zone names in timeZone option Chrome

Full support 24

Edge

Full support 14

Firefox

Full support 52

IE

No support No

Opera

Full support 15

Safari

Full support 6.1

WebView Android

Full support 4.4

Chrome Android

Full support 25

Firefox Android

No support No

Opera Android

Full support 14

Safari iOS

Full support 7

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.5

nodejs

Full support 0.12

toLocaleDateString.locales Chrome

Full support 24

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 29

IE

Full support 11

Opera

Full support 15

Safari

Full support 10

WebView Android

Full support 4.4

Chrome Android

Full support 25

Firefox Android

Full support 56

Opera Android

Full support 14

Safari iOS

Full support 10

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.5

nodejs Full support 13.0.0


Full support 13.0.0


Partial support 0.12

Notes'

Notes' Before version 13.0.0, only the locale data for en-US is available by default. When other locales are specified, the function silently falls back to en-US. To make full ICU (locale) data available for versions prior to 13, see Node.js documentation on the --with-intl option and how to provide the data.

toLocaleDateString.options Chrome

Full support 24

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 29

IE

Full support 11

Opera

Full support 15

Safari

Full support 10

WebView Android

Full support 4.4

Chrome Android

Full support 25

Firefox Android

Full support 56

Opera Android

Full support 14

Safari iOS

Full support 10

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.5

nodejs

Full support 0.12

toLocaleString Chrome

Full support 1

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 1

IE

Full support 3

Opera

Full support 3

Safari

Full support 1

WebView Android

Full support 1

Chrome Android

Full support 18

Firefox Android

Full support 4

Opera Android

Full support 10.1

Safari iOS

Full support 1

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.0

nodejs

Full support 0.1.100

toLocaleString: IANA time zone names in timeZone option Chrome

Full support 24

Edge

Full support 14

Firefox

Full support 52

IE

No support No

Opera

Full support 15

Safari

Full support 6.1

WebView Android

Full support 4.4

Chrome Android

Full support 25

Firefox Android

No support No

Opera Android

Full support 14

Safari iOS

Full support 7

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.5

nodejs

Full support 0.12

toLocaleString.locales Chrome

Full support 24

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 29

IE

Full support 11

Opera

Full support 15

Safari

Full support 10

WebView Android

Full support 4.4

Chrome Android

Full support 25

Firefox Android

Full support 56

Opera Android

Full support 14

Safari iOS

Full support 10

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.5

nodejs Full support 13.0.0


Full support 13.0.0


Partial support 0.12

Notes'

Notes' Before version 13.0.0, only the locale data for en-US is available by default. When other locales are specified, the function silently falls back to en-US. To make full ICU (locale) data available for versions prior to 13, see Node.js documentation on the --with-intl option and how to provide the data.

toLocaleString.options Chrome

Full support 24

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 29

IE

Full support 11

Opera

Full support 15

Safari

Full support 10

WebView Android

Full support 4.4

Chrome Android

Full support 25

Firefox Android

Full support 56

Opera Android

Full support 14

Safari iOS

Full support 10

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.5

nodejs

Full support 0.12

toLocaleTimeString Chrome

Full support 1

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 1

IE

Full support 5.5

Opera

Full support 5

Safari

Full support 1

WebView Android

Full support 1

Chrome Android

Full support 18

Firefox Android

Full support 4

Opera Android

Full support 10.1

Safari iOS

Full support 1

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.0

nodejs

Full support 0.1.100

toLocaleTimeString: IANA time zone names in timeZone option Chrome

Full support 24

Edge

Full support 14

Firefox

Full support 52

IE

No support No

Opera

Full support 15

Safari

Full support 6.1

WebView Android

Full support 4.4

Chrome Android

Full support 25

Firefox Android

No support No

Opera Android

Full support 14

Safari iOS

Full support 7

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.5

nodejs

Full support 0.12

toLocaleTimeString.locales Chrome

Full support 24

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 29

IE

Full support 11

Opera

Full support 15

Safari

Full support 10

WebView Android

Full support 4.4

Chrome Android

Full support 25

Firefox Android

Full support 56

Opera Android

Full support 14

Safari iOS

Full support 10

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.5

nodejs Full support 13.0.0


Full support 13.0.0


Partial support 0.12

Notes'

Notes' Before version 13.0.0, only the locale data for en-US is available by default. When other locales are specified, the function silently falls back to en-US. To make full ICU (locale) data available for versions prior to 13, see Node.js documentation on the --with-intl option and how to provide the data.

toLocaleTimeString.options Chrome

Full support 24

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 29

IE

Full support 11

Opera

Full support 15

Safari

Full support 10

WebView Android

Full support 4.4

Chrome Android

Full support 25

Firefox Android

Full support 56

Opera Android

Full support 14

Safari iOS

Full support 10

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.5

nodejs

Full support 0.12

toSource

Non-standard'

Chrome

No support No

Edge

No support No

Firefox No support 1 — 74

Notes'

No support 1 — 74

Notes'

Notes' Starting in Firefox 74, toSource() is no longer available for use by web content. It is still allowed for internal and privileged code.

IE

No support No

Opera

No support No

Safari

No support No

WebView Android

No support No

Chrome Android

No support No

Firefox Android

Full support 4

Opera Android

No support No

Safari iOS

No support No

Samsung Internet Android

No support No

nodejs

No support No

toString Chrome

Full support 1

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 1

IE

Full support 3

Opera

Full support 3

Safari

Full support 1

WebView Android

Full support 1

Chrome Android

Full support 18

Firefox Android

Full support 4

Opera Android

Full support 10.1

Safari iOS

Full support 1

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.0

nodejs

Full support 0.1.100

toTimeString Chrome

Full support 1

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 1

IE

Full support 5.5

Opera

Full support 5

Safari

Full support 1

WebView Android

Full support 1

Chrome Android

Full support 18

Firefox Android

Full support 4

Opera Android

Full support 10.1

Safari iOS

Full support 1

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.0

nodejs

Full support 0.1.100

toUTCString Chrome

Full support 1

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 1

IE

Full support 4

Opera

Full support 4

Safari

Full support 1

WebView Android

Full support 1

Chrome Android

Full support 18

Firefox Android

Full support 4

Opera Android

Full support 10.1

Safari iOS

Full support 1

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.0

nodejs

Full support 0.1.100

valueOf Chrome

Full support 1

Edge

Full support 12

Firefox

Full support 1

IE

Full support 4

Opera

Full support 3

Safari

Full support 1

WebView Android

Full support 1

Chrome Android

Full support 18

Firefox Android

Full support 4

Opera Android

Full support 10.1

Safari iOS

Full support 1

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 1.0

nodejs

Full support 0.1.100

@@toPrimitive Chrome

Full support 47

Edge

Full support 15

Firefox

Full support 44

IE

No support No

Opera

Full support 34

Safari

Full support 10

WebView Android

Full support 47

Chrome Android

Full support 47

Firefox Android

Full support 44

Opera Android

Full support 34

Safari iOS

Full support 10

Samsung Internet Android

Full support 5.0

nodejs

Full support 6.0.0

Legend

Full support  
Full support
No support  
No support
Non-standard. Expect poor cross-browser support.'
Non-standard. Expect poor cross-browser support.
Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.'
Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.
See implementation notes.'
See implementation notes.


See also

Date by Mozilla Contributors is licensed under CC-BY-SA 2.5.