Web/CSS/transition-timing-function

The transition-timing-function CSS property sets how intermediate values are calculated for CSS properties being affected by a transition effect.

The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples and send us a pull request.

This, in essence, lets you establish an acceleration curve so that the speed of the transition can vary over its duration.

This acceleration curve is defined using one <timing-function> for each property to be transitioned.

You may specify multiple timing functions; each one will be applied to the corresponding property as specified by the transition-property property, which acts as a transition-property list. If there are fewer timing functions specified than in the transition-property list, the user agent must calculate which value is used by repeating the list of values until there is one for each transition property. If there are more timing functions, the list is simply truncated to the right size. In both cases, the CSS declaration stays valid.

Syntax

/* Keyword values */
transition-timing-function: ease;
transition-timing-function: ease-in;
transition-timing-function: ease-out;
transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;
transition-timing-function: linear;
transition-timing-function: step-start;
transition-timing-function: step-end;

/* Function values */
transition-timing-function: steps(4, jump-end);
transition-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.1, 0.7, 1.0, 0.1);

/* Steps Function keywords */
transition-timing-function: steps(4, jump-start);
transition-timing-function: steps(10, jump-end);
transition-timing-function: steps(20, jump-none);
transition-timing-function: steps(5, jump-both);
transition-timing-function: steps(6, start);
transition-timing-function: steps(8, end);

/* Multiple timing functions */
transition-timing-function: ease, step-start, cubic-bezier(0.1, 0.7, 1.0, 0.1);

/* Global values */
transition-timing-function: inherit;
transition-timing-function: initial;
transition-timing-function: unset;

Values

<timing-function>

Each <timing-function> represents the timing function to link to the corresponding property to transition, as defined in transition-property.

The non-step keyword values (ease, linear, ease-in-out, etc.) each represent cubic Bézier curve with fixed four point values, with the cubic-bezier() function value allowing for a non-predefined value. The step timing functions divides the input time into a specified number of intervals that are equal in length. It is defined by a number of steps and a step position.

ease

Equal to cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1.0), the default value, increases in velocity towards the middle of the transition, slowing back down at the end.

linear

Equal to cubic-bezier(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0), transitions at an even speed.

ease-in

Equal to cubic-bezier(0.42, 0, 1.0, 1.0), starts off slowly, with the transition speed increasing until complete.

ease-out

Equal to cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.58, 1.0), starts transitioning quickly, slowing down the transition continues. •

ease-in-out

Equal to cubic-bezier(0.42, 0, 0.58, 1.0), starts transitioning slowly, speeds up, and then slows down again.

cubic-bezier(p1, p2, p3, p4)

An author defined cubic-Bezier curve, where the p1 and p3 values must be in the range of 0 to 1.

steps( n, <jumpterm>)

Displays the transition along n stops along the transition, displaying each stop for equal lengths of time. For example, if n is 5, there are 5 steps. Whether the transition holds temporarily at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%, on the 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, or makes 5 stops between the 0% and 100% along the transition, or makes 5 stops including the 0% and 100% marks (on the 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) depends on which of the following jump terms is used:

jump-start: Denotes a left-continuous function, so that the first jump happens when the transition begins;
jump-end: Denotes a right-continuous function, so that the last jump happens when the animation ends;
jump-none: There is no jump on either end. Instead, holding at both the 0% mark and the 100% mark, each for 1/n of the duration
jump-both: Includes pauses at both the 0% and 100% marks, effectively adding a step during the transition time.
start: Same as jump-start.
end: Same as jump-end.

step-start

Equal to steps(1, jump-start)

step-end

Equal to steps(1, jump-end)

Accessibility concerns

Some animations can be helpful such as to guide users to understand what actions are expected, to show relationships within the user interface, and to inform users as to what actions have occurred. Animations can help reduce cognitive load, prevent change blindness, and establish better recall in spatial relationships. However, some animations can be problematic for people with cognitive concerns such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and certain kinds of motion can be a trigger for Vestibular disorders, epilepsy, and migraine and Scotopic sensitivity.

Consider providing a mechanism for pausing or disabling animation, as well as using the Reduced Motion Media Query to create a complimentary experience for users who have expressed a preference for no animated experiences.

Formal definition

Initial value	`ease`
Applies to	all elements, `::before` and `::after` pseudo-elements
Inherited	no
Computed value	as specified
Animation type	discrete

Formal syntax

<timing-function>#where <timing-function> = linear | <cubic-bezier-timing-function> | <step-timing-function>where <cubic-bezier-timing-function> = ease | ease-in | ease-out | ease-in-out | cubic-bezier(<number <a href="/en-US/docs/CSS/Value_definition_syntax#Brackets" title="Brackets: enclose several entities, combinators, and multipliers to transform them as a single component">[0,1]>, <number>, <number <a href="/en-US/docs/CSS/Value_definition_syntax#Brackets" title="Brackets: enclose several entities, combinators, and multipliers to transform them as a single component">[0,1]>, <number>)<step-timing-function> = step-start | step-end | steps(<integer>[, <step-position>]?)where <step-position> = jump-start | jump-end | jump-none | jump-both | start | end

Examples

Cubic-Bezier examples

<div class="parent"> 
  <div class="ease">ease</div>
  <div class="easein">ease-in</div>
  <div class="easeout">ease-out</div>
  <div class="easeinout">ease-in-out</div>
  <div class="linear">linear</div>
  <div class="cb">cubic-bezier(0.2,-2,0.8,2)</div>
</div>

.parent {}
.parent > div[class] {
    width: 12em;
    min-width: 12em;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
    background-color: black;
    border: 1px solid red;
    color: white;
    transition-property: all;
    transition-duration: 7s;
}
.parent > div.box1{
    width: 90vw;
    min-width: 24em;
    background-color: magenta;
    color: yellow;
    border: 1px solid orange;
    transition-property: all;
    transition-duration: 2s;
}

function updateTransition() {
  var els = document.querySelectorAll(".parent > div[class]");
  for(var c = els.length, i = 0; i < c; i++) {
     els[i].classList.toggle("box1");
  }
}

var intervalID = window.setInterval(updateTransition, 10000);

.ease {
   transition-timing-function: ease;
}
.easein {
   transition-timing-function: ease-in;
}
.easeout {
   transition-timing-function: ease-out;
}
.easeinout {
   transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;
}
.linear {
   transition-timing-function: linear;
}
.cb {
   transition-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.2,-2,0.8,2);
}

Step examples

<div class="parent"> 
  <div class="jump-start">jump-start</div>
  <div class="jump-end">jump-end</div>
  <div class="jump-both">jump-both</div>
  <div class="jump-none">jump-none</div>
  <div class="step-start">step-start</div>
  <div class="step-end">step-end</div>
</div>

.parent {}
.parent > div[class] {
    width: 12em;
    min-width: 12em;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
    background-color: black;
    border: 1px solid red;
    color: white;
    transition-property: all;
    transition-duration:7s;
}
.parent > div.box1{
    width: 90vw;
    min-width: 24em;
    background-color: magenta;
    color: yellow;
    border: 1px solid orange;
    transition-property: all;
    transition-duration:2s;
}

function updateTransition() {
  var els = document.querySelectorAll(".parent > div[class]");
  for(var c = els.length, i = 0; i < c; i++) {
     els[i].classList.toggle("box1");
  }
}

var intervalID = window.setInterval(updateTransition, 10000);

.jump-start {
   transition-timing-function: steps(5, jump-start);
}
.jump-end {
   transition-timing-function: steps(5, jump-end);
}
.jump-none {
   transition-timing-function: steps(5, jump-none);
}
.jump-both {
   transition-timing-function: steps(5, jump-both);
}
.step-start {
   transition-timing-function: step-start;
}
.step-end {
   transition-timing-function: step-end;
}

Specifications

Specification	Status	Comment
CSS TransitionsThe definition of 'transition-timing-function' in that specification.	Working Draft	Initial definition

Browser compatibility

Update compatibility data on GitHub

	Desktop						Mobile
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari	Android webview	Chrome for Android	Firefox for Android	Opera for Android	Safari on iOS	Samsung Internet
`transition-timing-function`	Chrome Full support 26 Full support 26 Full support 1 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-	Edge Full support 12 Full support 12 Full support 12 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-	Firefox Full support 16 Full support 16 Full support 4 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -moz- Full support 49 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- Full support 44 Prefixed' Disabled' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- Disabled' From version 44: this feature is behind the `layout.css.prefixes.webkit` preference (needs to be set to `true`). To change preferences in Firefox, visit about:config.	IE Full support 10 Full support 10 Full support 10 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Opera Full support 12.1 Full support 12.1 Full support 15 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- No support 11.6 — 15 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -o-	Safari Full support 9 Full support 9 Full support 3.1 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-	WebView Android Full support ≤37 Full support ≤37 Full support ≤37 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-	Chrome Android Full support 26 Full support 26 Full support 18 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-	Firefox Android Full support 16 Full support 16 Full support 4 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -moz- Full support 49 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- Full support 44 Prefixed' Disabled' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- Disabled' From version 44: this feature is behind the `layout.css.prefixes.webkit` preference (needs to be set to `true`). To change preferences in Firefox, visit about:config.	Opera Android Full support 12.1 Full support 12.1 Full support 14 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- No support 12 — 14 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -o-	Safari iOS Full support 9 Full support 9 Full support 2 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-	Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.5 Full support 1.5 Full support 1.0 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-
`jump-` keywords for `steps()`	Chrome Full support 77	Edge Full support 79	Firefox Full support 65	IE No support No	Opera Full support 64	Safari Full support 14	WebView Android Full support 77	Chrome Android Full support 77	Firefox Android Full support 65	Opera Android Full support 55	Safari iOS Full support 14	Samsung Internet Android Full support 12.0

Legend

Full support: Full support
No support: No support
User must explicitly enable this feature.': User must explicitly enable this feature.
Requires a vendor prefix or different name for use.': Requires a vendor prefix or different name for use.