Web/CSS/@viewport

DeprecatedThis feature is no longer recommended. Though some browsers might still support it, it may have already been removed from the relevant web standards, may be in the process of being dropped, or may only be kept for compatibility purposes. Avoid using it, and update existing code if possible; see the compatibility table at the bottom of this page to guide your decision. Be aware that this feature may cease to work at any time.

Note: See https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/4766 for discussion around @viewport's removal from the standards track.

The @viewport CSS at-rule lets you configure the viewport through which the document is viewed. It's primarily used for mobile devices, but is also used by desktop browsers that support features like "snap to edge" (such as Microsoft Edge).

Lengths specified as percentages are calculated relative to the initial viewport, which is the viewport before any user agent or authored styles have had an opportunity to adjust the viewport. This is typically based on the size of the window on desktop browsers that aren't in full screen mode.

On mobile devices (or desktop devices that are in full screen mode), the initial viewport is usually the portion of a device's screen that is available for application use. This may be either the full screen or the full screen area minus areas controlled by the operating system (such as a taskbar) or the application-available screen area (either the full screen or the screen minus any areas owned by the operating system or other applications).

@viewport {
  width: 100vw; /*Sets the width of the actual viewport to the device width*/
}

Note: The use of <meta name="viewport"> tag overrides @viewport

Syntax

The at-rule contains a set of nested [[../../../Glossary/descriptor_(CSS)-2|descriptor]]s in a CSS block that is delimited by curly braces.

A zoom factor of 1.0 or 100% corresponds to no zooming. Larger values zoom in. Smaller values zoom out.

Descriptors

Browser support for @viewport is weak at this time, with support being largely available in Internet Explorer and Edge. Even in those browsers, only a small number of descriptors are available. Browsers will ignore @viewport if they don't support it, and will ignore any descriptors that they don't recognize.

min-width: Used in the determination of the width of the viewport when the document is first displayed.
max-width: Used in the determination of the width of the viewport when the document is first displayed.
width: A shorthand descriptor for setting both min-width and max-width.
min-height: Used in the determination of the height of the viewport when the document is first displayed.
max-height: Used in the determination of the height of the viewport when the document is first displayed.
height: A shorthand descriptor for setting both min-height and max-height.
zoom: Sets the initial zoom factor.
min-zoom: Sets the minimum zoom factor.
max-zoom: Sets the maximum zoom factor.
user-zoom: Controls whether or not the user should be able to change the zoom factor.
orientation: Controls the document's orientation.
viewport-fit: Controls the display of the document on non-rectangular displays.

Formal syntax

@viewport {
  <group-rule-body>
}

Examples

Setting viewport size, zoom, and orientation

@viewport {
  min-width: 640px;
  max-width: 800px;
}

@viewport {
  zoom: 0.75;
  min-zoom: 0.5;
  max-zoom: 0.9;
}

@viewport {
  orientation: landscape;
}

Specifications

Specification	Status	Comment
CSS Round Display Level 1The definition of '@viewport' in that specification.	Working Draft	Defined the `viewport-fit` descriptor.
CSS Device AdaptationThe definition of '@viewport' in that specification.	Working Draft	Initial definition

Browser compatibility

Update compatibility data on GitHub

	Desktop						Mobile
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari	Android webview	Chrome for Android	Firefox for Android	Opera for Android	Safari on iOS	Samsung Internet
`@viewport`	Chrome No support 29 — 84 Notes' Disabled' No support 29 — 84 Notes' Disabled' Notes' See Chromium bug 235457. Disabled' From version 29 until version 84 (exclusive): this feature is behind the `--enable-experimental-webkit-features` runtime flag and the `--enable-viewport` runtime flag.	Edge Full support 12 Prefixed' Disabled' Full support 12 Prefixed' Disabled' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms- Disabled' From version 12: this feature is behind the `Enable @-ms-viewport rules` preference.	Firefox No support No Notes' No support No Notes' Notes' See Firefox bug 747754.	IE Full support 10 Prefixed' Full support 10 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Opera Full support 16 Disabled' Full support 16 Disabled' Disabled' From version 16: this feature is behind the `--enable-experimental-webkit-features` runtime flag and the `--enable-viewport` runtime flag. No support 11.1 — 15 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -o-	Safari No support No Notes' No support No Notes' Notes' See WebKit bug 95959.	WebView Android No support 4.4 — 37	Chrome Android No support 29 — 84 Notes' Disabled' No support 29 — 84 Notes' Disabled' Notes' See Chromium bug 235457. Disabled' From version 29 until version 84 (exclusive): this feature is behind the `--enable-experimental-webkit-features` runtime flag and the `--enable-viewport` runtime flag.	Firefox Android No support No Notes' No support No Notes' Notes' See Firefox bug 747754.	Opera Android Full support 16 Disabled' Full support 16 Disabled' Disabled' From version 16: this feature is behind the `--enable-experimental-webkit-features` runtime flag and the `--enable-viewport` runtime flag. No support 11.1 — 14 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -o-	Safari iOS No support No Notes' No support No Notes' Notes' See WebKit bug 95959.	Samsung Internet Android Full support 2.0
`height` descriptor	Chrome No support 29 — 84	Edge Full support 12 Prefixed' Full support 12 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Firefox No support No	IE Full support 10 Prefixed' Full support 10 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Opera Full support 16 Full support 16 No support 11.1 — 15	Safari No support No	WebView Android No support 4.4 — 37	Chrome Android No support 29 — 84	Firefox Android No support No	Opera Android Full support 16 Full support 16 No support 11.1 — 14	Safari iOS No support No	Samsung Internet Android Full support 2.0
`max-height` descriptor	Chrome No support 29 — 84	Edge Full support 12 Prefixed' Full support 12 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Firefox No support No	IE Full support 10 Prefixed' Full support 10 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Opera Full support 16 Full support 16 No support 11.1 — 15	Safari No support No	WebView Android No support 4.4 — 37	Chrome Android No support 29 — 84	Firefox Android No support No	Opera Android Full support 16 Full support 16 No support 11.1 — 14	Safari iOS No support No	Samsung Internet Android Full support 2.0
`max-width` descriptor	Chrome No support 29 — 84	Edge Full support 12 Prefixed' Full support 12 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Firefox No support No	IE Full support 10 Prefixed' Full support 10 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Opera Full support 16 Full support 16 No support 11.1 — 15	Safari No support No	WebView Android No support 4.4 — 37	Chrome Android No support 29 — 84	Firefox Android No support No	Opera Android Full support 16 Full support 16 No support 11.1 — 14	Safari iOS No support No	Samsung Internet Android Full support 2.0
`max-zoom` descriptor	Chrome No support 29 — 84	Edge Full support 12 Prefixed' Full support 12 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Firefox No support No	IE Full support 10 Prefixed' Full support 10 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Opera Full support 16	Safari No support No	WebView Android No support No	Chrome Android No support 29 — 84	Firefox Android No support No	Opera Android Full support 16	Safari iOS No support No	Samsung Internet Android Full support 2.0
`min-height` descriptor	Chrome No support 29 — 84	Edge Full support 12 Prefixed' Full support 12 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Firefox No support No	IE Full support 10 Prefixed' Full support 10 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Opera Full support 16 Full support 16 No support 11.1 — 15	Safari No support No	WebView Android No support 4.4 — 37	Chrome Android No support 29 — 84	Firefox Android No support No	Opera Android Full support 16 Full support 16 No support 11.1 — 14	Safari iOS No support No	Samsung Internet Android Full support 2.0
`min-width` descriptor	Chrome No support 29 — 84	Edge Full support 12 Prefixed' Full support 12 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Firefox No support No	IE Full support 10 Prefixed' Full support 10 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Opera Full support 16 Full support 16 No support 11.1 — 15	Safari No support No	WebView Android No support 4.4 — 37	Chrome Android No support 29 — 84	Firefox Android No support No	Opera Android Full support 16 Full support 16 No support 11.1 — 14	Safari iOS No support No	Samsung Internet Android Full support 2.0
`min-zoom` descriptor	Chrome No support 29 — 84	Edge Full support 12 Prefixed' Full support 12 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Firefox No support No	IE Full support 10 Prefixed' Full support 10 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Opera Full support 16	Safari No support No	WebView Android No support No	Chrome Android No support 29 — 84	Firefox Android No support No	Opera Android Full support 16	Safari iOS No support No	Samsung Internet Android Full support 2.0
`orientation` descriptor	Chrome No support No	Edge No support 12 — 79 Prefixed' No support 12 — 79 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Firefox No support No	IE Full support 10 Prefixed' Full support 10 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Opera No support No	Safari No support No	WebView Android No support No	Chrome Android No support No	Firefox Android No support No	Opera Android No support 11.1 — 14 Prefixed' No support 11.1 — 14 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -o-	Safari iOS No support No	Samsung Internet Android No support No
`user-zoom` descriptor	Chrome No support 29 — 84	Edge Full support 12 Prefixed' Full support 12 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Firefox No support No	IE Full support 10 Prefixed' Full support 10 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Opera Full support 16	Safari No support No	WebView Android No support No	Chrome Android No support 29 — 84	Firefox Android No support No	Opera Android Full support 16	Safari iOS No support No	Samsung Internet Android Full support 2.0
`viewport-fit` descriptor	Chrome No support No	Edge No support No	Firefox No support No	IE No support No	Opera No support No	Safari No support No	WebView Android No support No	Chrome Android No support No	Firefox Android No support No	Opera Android No support No	Safari iOS No support No	Samsung Internet Android No support No
`width` descriptor	Chrome No support 29 — 84	Edge Full support 12 Prefixed' Full support 12 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Firefox No support No	IE Full support 10 Prefixed' Full support 10 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Opera Full support 16 Full support 16 No support 11.1 — 15	Safari No support No	WebView Android No support 4.4 — 37	Chrome Android No support 29 — 84	Firefox Android No support No	Opera Android Full support 16 Full support 16 No support 11.1 — 14	Safari iOS No support No	Samsung Internet Android Full support 2.0
`zoom` descriptor	Chrome No support 29 — 84	Edge Full support 12 Prefixed' Full support 12 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Firefox No support No	IE Full support 10 Prefixed' Full support 10 Prefixed' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -ms-	Opera Full support 16	Safari No support No	WebView Android No support 4.4 — 37	Chrome Android No support 61 — 84	Firefox Android No support No	Opera Android Full support 16	Safari iOS No support No	Samsung Internet Android Full support 8.0

Legend

Full support: Full support
No support: No support
See implementation notes.': See implementation notes.
User must explicitly enable this feature.': User must explicitly enable this feature.
Requires a vendor prefix or different name for use.': Requires a vendor prefix or different name for use.