The @keyframes
CSS at-rule controls the intermediate steps in a CSS animation sequence by defining styles for keyframes (or waypoints) along the animation sequence. This gives more control over the intermediate steps of the animation sequence than transitions.
Syntax
@keyframes slidein {
from {
transform: translateX(0%);
}
to {
transform: translateX(100%);
}
}
Values
<custom-ident>
- A name identifying the keyframe list. This must match the identifier production in CSS syntax.
from
- A starting offset of
0%
. to
- An ending offset of
100%
. <percentage>
- A percentage of the time through the animation sequence at which the specified keyframe should occur.
Description
JavaScript can access the @keyframes
at-rule with the CSS object model interface CSSKeyframesRule
.
To use keyframes, create a @keyframes
rule with a name that is then used by the animation-name
property to match an animation to its keyframe declaration. Each @keyframes
rule contains a style list of keyframe selectors, which specify percentages along the animation when the keyframe occurs, and a block containing the styles for that keyframe.
You can list the keyframe percentages in any order; they will be handled in the order they should occur.
Valid keyframe lists
If a keyframe rule doesn't specify the start or end states of the animation (that is, 0%
/from
and 100%
/to
), browsers will use the element's existing styles for the start/end states. This can be used to animate an element from its initial state and back.
Properties that can't be animated in keyframe rules are ignored, but supported properties will still be animated.
Resolving duplicates
If multiple keyframe sets exist for a given name, the last one encountered by the parser is used. @keyframes
rules don't cascade, so animations never derive keyframes from more than one rule set.
If a given animation time offset is duplicated, all keyframes in the @keyframes
rule for that percentage are used for that frame. There is cascading within a @keyframes
rule if multiple keyframes specify the same percentage values.
When properties are left out of some keyframes
Properties that aren't specified in every keyframe are interpolated if possible — properties that can't be interpolated are dropped from the animation. For example:
@keyframes identifier {
0% { top: 0; left: 0; }
30% { top: 50px; }
68%, 72% { left: 50px; }
100% { top: 100px; left: 100%; }
}
Here, the top
property animates using the 0%
, 30%
, and 100%
keyframes, and left
animates using the 0%
, 68%
, 72%
and 100%
keyframes.
When a keyframe is defined multiple times
If a keyframe is defined multiple times but not all affected properties are in each keyframe, all values specified in these keyframes are considered. For example:
@keyframes identifier {
0% { top: 0; }
50% { top: 30px; left: 20px; }
50% { top: 10px; }
100% { top: 0; }
}
In this example, at the 50%
keyframe, the values used are top: 10px
and left: 20px
.
Cascading keyframes are supported starting in Firefox 14.
!important
in a keyframe
Declarations in a keyframe qualified with !important
are ignored.
@keyframes important1 {
from { margin-top: 50px; }
50% { margin-top: 150px !important; } /* ignored */
to { margin-top: 100px; }
}
@keyframes important2 {
from { margin-top: 50px;
margin-bottom: 100px; }
to { margin-top: 150px !important; /* ignored */
margin-bottom: 50px; }
}
Formal syntax
@keyframes <keyframes-name> { <keyframe-block-list> }where <keyframes-name> = <custom-ident> | <string><keyframe-block-list> = <keyframe-block>+where <keyframe-block> = <keyframe-selector># { <declaration-list> }where <keyframe-selector> = from | to | <percentage>
Examples
CSS animation examples
See Using CSS animations for examples.
Specifications
Specification | Status | Comment |
---|---|---|
CSS AnimationsThe definition of '@keyframes' in that specification. | Working Draft |
Browser compatibility
The compatibility table in this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data and send us a pull request.
Update compatibility data on GitHub
Desktop | Mobile | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
@keyframes
|
Chrome Full support 43 Full support 43 Full support 2 Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- |
Edge
Full support 12 |
Firefox Full support 16 Full support 16 Notes' Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- Full support 44 Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-
Disabled' From version 44: this feature is behind the Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -moz- |
IE
Full support 10 |
Opera Full support 30 Full support 30 Full support 15 Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- No support 12.1 — 15 No support 12 — 15 Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -o- |
Safari Full support 9 Full support 9 Full support 4 Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- |
WebView Android Full support 43 Full support 43 Full support ≤37 Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- |
Chrome Android Full support 43 Full support 43 Full support 18 Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- |
Firefox Android Full support 16 Full support 16 Full support 49 Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- Full support 44 Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit-
Disabled' From version 44: this feature is behind the Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -moz- |
Opera Android Full support 30 Full support 30 Full support 14 Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- No support 12.1 — 14 No support 12 — 14 Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -o- |
Safari iOS Full support 9 Full support 9 Full support 4 Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- |
Samsung Internet Android Full support 4.0 Full support 4.0 Full support 1.0 Prefixed' Implemented with the vendor prefix: -webkit- |
Ignore !important declarations
|
Chrome
Full support 45 |
Edge
Full support 79 |
Firefox
Full support 19 |
IE
No support No |
Opera
Full support 32 |
Safari
Full support 10.1 |
WebView Android
Full support 45 |
Chrome Android
Full support 45 |
Firefox Android
Full support 19 |
Opera Android
Full support 32 |
Safari iOS
Full support 10.3 |
Samsung Internet Android
Full support 5.0 |
Legend
- Full support
- Full support
- No support
- No support
- See implementation notes.'
- See implementation notes.
- User must explicitly enable this feature.'
- User must explicitly enable this feature.
- Requires a vendor prefix or different name for use.'
- Requires a vendor prefix or different name for use.
See also
@keyframes by Mozilla Contributors is licensed under CC-BY-SA 2.5.