= for self-documenting expressions and debuggingbreakpoint()__main__typing module and Generic Typesconcurrent.futures modulemake regen-all build targetmake touch build targetsite-packages Directorymultiprocessing Packageprint As a Functionif Statementsfor Statementsrange() Functionbreak and continue Statements, and else Clauses on Loopspass Statementsassert statementpass statementdel statementreturn statementyield statementraise statementbreak statementcontinue statementimport statement
global statementnonlocal statementand, or, notint, float, complex
list, tuple, range
str
bytes, bytearray, memoryview
set, frozensetdict
string — Common string operations
re — Regular expression operations
difflib — Helpers for computing deltas
textwrap — Text wrapping and fillingunicodedata — Unicode Databasestringprep — Internet String Preparationreadline — GNU readline interface
rlcompleter — Completion function for GNU readline
struct — Interpret bytes as packed binary data
codecs — Codec registry and base classes
datetime — Basic date and time types
calendar — General calendar-related functionscollections — Container datatypes
collections.abc — Abstract Base Classes for Containers
heapq — Heap queue algorithm
bisect — Array bisection algorithm
array — Efficient arrays of numeric valuesweakref — Weak references
types — Dynamic type creation and names for built-in types
copy — Shallow and deep copy operationspprint — Data pretty printer
reprlib — Alternate repr() implementation
enum — Support for enumerations
__new__() vs. __init__()pathlib — Object-oriented filesystem paths
os.path — Common pathname manipulationsfileinput — Iterate over lines from multiple input streamsstat — Interpreting stat() resultsfilecmp — File and Directory Comparisons
tempfile — Generate temporary files and directories
glob — Unix style pathname pattern expansionfnmatch — Unix filename pattern matchinglinecache — Random access to text linesshutil — High-level file operations
pickle — Python object serialization
copyreg — Register pickle support functions
shelve — Python object persistence
marshal — Internal Python object serializationdbm — Interfaces to Unix “databases”
sqlite3 — DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases
os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces
io — Core tools for working with streams
time — Time access and conversions
argparse — Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands
getopt — C-style parser for command line optionslogging — Logging facility for Python
logging.config — Logging configuration
logging.handlers — Logging handlers
getpass — Portable password inputcurses — Terminal handling for character-cell displays
curses.textpad — Text input widget for curses programs
curses.ascii — Utilities for ASCII characterscurses.panel — A panel stack extension for curses
platform — Access to underlying platform’s identifying data
errno — Standard errno system symbolsctypes — A foreign function library for Python
threading — Thread-based parallelism
multiprocessing — Process-based parallelism
multiprocessing.shared_memory — Provides shared memory for direct access across processesconcurrent packageconcurrent.futures — Launching parallel tasks
subprocess — Subprocess management
sched — Event scheduler
queue — A synchronized queue class
contextvars — Context Variables
_thread — Low-level threading API_dummy_thread — Drop-in replacement for the _thread moduledummy_threading — Drop-in replacement for the threading moduleasyncio — Asynchronous I/O
socket — Low-level networking interface
ssl — TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects
select — Waiting for I/O completion
selectors — High-level I/O multiplexing
asyncore — Asynchronous socket handler
asynchat — Asynchronous socket command/response handler
signal — Set handlers for asynchronous events
mmap — Memory-mapped file support
email — An email and MIME handling package
email.message: Representing an email messageemail.parser: Parsing email messages
email.generator: Generating MIME documentsemail.policy: Policy Objectsemail.errors: Exception and Defect classesemail.headerregistry: Custom Header Objectsemail.contentmanager: Managing MIME Content
email: Examplesemail.message.Message: Representing an email message using the compat32 APIemail.mime: Creating email and MIME objects from scratchemail.header: Internationalized headersemail.charset: Representing character setsemail.encoders: Encodersemail.utils: Miscellaneous utilitiesemail.iterators: Iteratorsjson — JSON encoder and decoder
mailcap — Mailcap file handlingmailbox — Manipulate mailboxes in various formats
mimetypes — Map filenames to MIME types
base64 — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodingsbinhex — Encode and decode binhex4 files
binascii — Convert between binary and ASCIIquopri — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable datauu — Encode and decode uuencode fileshtml — HyperText Markup Language supporthtml.parser — Simple HTML and XHTML parser
html.entities — Definitions of HTML general entitiesxml.etree.ElementTree — The ElementTree XML API
xml.dom — The Document Object Model API
xml.dom.minidom — Minimal DOM implementation
xml.dom.pulldom — Support for building partial DOM trees
xml.sax — Support for SAX2 parsers
xml.sax.handler — Base classes for SAX handlers
xml.sax.saxutils — SAX Utilitiesxml.sax.xmlreader — Interface for XML parsers
xml.parsers.expat — Fast XML parsing using Expat
webbrowser — Convenient Web-browser controller
cgi — Common Gateway Interface support
cgitb — Traceback manager for CGI scriptswsgiref — WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation
urllib — URL handling modulesurllib.request — Extensible library for opening URLs
urllib.request Restrictionsurllib.response — Response classes used by urlliburllib.parse — Parse URLs into components
urllib.error — Exception classes raised by urllib.requesturllib.robotparser — Parser for robots.txthttp — HTTP modules
http.client — HTTP protocol client
ftplib — FTP protocol client
poplib — POP3 protocol client
imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client
nntplib — NNTP protocol client
smtplib — SMTP protocol client
smtpd — SMTP Server
telnetlib — Telnet client
uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 4122
socketserver — A framework for network servers
http.server — HTTP servershttp.cookies — HTTP state management
http.cookiejar — Cookie handling for HTTP clients
xmlrpc — XMLRPC server and client modulesxmlrpc.client — XML-RPC client access
xmlrpc.server — Basic XML-RPC servers
ipaddress — IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library
audioop — Manipulate raw audio dataaifc — Read and write AIFF and AIFC filessunau — Read and write Sun AU files
wave — Read and write WAV files
chunk — Read IFF chunked datacolorsys — Conversions between color systemsimghdr — Determine the type of an imagesndhdr — Determine type of sound fileossaudiodev — Access to OSS-compatible audio devices
turtle — Turtle graphics
cmd — Support for line-oriented command interpreters
shlex — Simple lexical analysis
tkinter — Python interface to Tcl/Tk
tkinter.ttk — Tk themed widgets
tkinter.tix — Extension widgets for Tk
tkinter.scrolledtext — Scrolled Text Widgettyping — Support for type hints
pydoc — Documentation generator and online help systemdoctest — Test interactive Python examples
unittest — Unit testing framework
unittest.mock — mock object library
unittest.mock — getting started
test — Regression tests package for Python
test.support — Utilities for the Python test suitetest.support.script_helper — Utilities for the Python execution testssys — System-specific parameters and functionssysconfig — Provide access to Python’s configuration information
builtins — Built-in objects__main__ — Top-level script environmentwarnings — Warning control
dataclasses — Data Classes
contextlib — Utilities for with-statement contexts
abc — Abstract Base Classesatexit — Exit handlers
traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback
__future__ — Future statement definitionsgc — Garbage Collector interfaceinspect — Inspect live objects
site — Site-specific configuration hook
zipimport — Import modules from Zip archives
pkgutil — Package extension utilitymodulefinder — Find modules used by a script
runpy — Locating and executing Python modulesimportlib — The implementation of import
importlib.metadata
parser — Access Python parse trees
ast — Abstract Syntax Trees
symtable — Access to the compiler’s symbol tables
symbol — Constants used with Python parse treestoken — Constants used with Python parse treeskeyword — Testing for Python keywordstokenize — Tokenizer for Python source
tabnanny — Detection of ambiguous indentationpyclbr — Python module browser support
py_compile — Compile Python source filescompileall — Byte-compile Python libraries
dis — Disassembler for Python bytecode
pickletools — Tools for pickle developers
posix — The most common POSIX system calls
pwd — The password databasespwd — The shadow password databasegrp — The group databasecrypt — Function to check Unix passwords
termios — POSIX style tty control
tty — Terminal control functionspty — Pseudo-terminal utilities
fcntl — The fcntl and ioctl system callspipes — Interface to shell pipelines
resource — Resource usage information
nis — Interface to Sun’s NIS (Yellow Pages)syslog — Unix syslog library routines
optparse — Parser for command line options
optparse
imp — Access the import internals
setup.py filesetup.py file to denote Python 3 compatibilityLogRecorddictConfig()dictConfig()NULL default value*.pyd file the same as a DLL?