=
for self-documenting expressions and debuggingbreakpoint()
__main__
typing
module and Generic Typesconcurrent.futures
modulemake regen-all
build targetmake touch
build targetsite-packages
Directorymultiprocessing
Packageprint
As a Functionif
Statementsfor
Statementsrange()
Functionbreak
and continue
Statements, and else
Clauses on Loopspass
Statementsassert
statementpass
statementdel
statementreturn
statementyield
statementraise
statementbreak
statementcontinue
statementimport
statement
global
statementnonlocal
statementand
, or
, not
int
, float
, complex
list
, tuple
, range
str
bytes
, bytearray
, memoryview
set
, frozenset
dict
string
— Common string operations
re
— Regular expression operations
difflib
— Helpers for computing deltas
textwrap
— Text wrapping and fillingunicodedata
— Unicode Databasestringprep
— Internet String Preparationreadline
— GNU readline interface
rlcompleter
— Completion function for GNU readline
struct
— Interpret bytes as packed binary data
codecs
— Codec registry and base classes
datetime
— Basic date and time types
calendar
— General calendar-related functionscollections
— Container datatypes
collections.abc
— Abstract Base Classes for Containers
heapq
— Heap queue algorithm
bisect
— Array bisection algorithm
array
— Efficient arrays of numeric valuesweakref
— Weak references
types
— Dynamic type creation and names for built-in types
copy
— Shallow and deep copy operationspprint
— Data pretty printer
reprlib
— Alternate repr()
implementation
enum
— Support for enumerations
__new__()
vs. __init__()
pathlib
— Object-oriented filesystem paths
os.path
— Common pathname manipulationsfileinput
— Iterate over lines from multiple input streamsstat
— Interpreting stat()
resultsfilecmp
— File and Directory Comparisons
tempfile
— Generate temporary files and directories
glob
— Unix style pathname pattern expansionfnmatch
— Unix filename pattern matchinglinecache
— Random access to text linesshutil
— High-level file operations
pickle
— Python object serialization
copyreg
— Register pickle
support functions
shelve
— Python object persistence
marshal
— Internal Python object serializationdbm
— Interfaces to Unix “databases”
sqlite3
— DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases
os
— Miscellaneous operating system interfaces
io
— Core tools for working with streams
time
— Time access and conversions
argparse
— Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands
getopt
— C-style parser for command line optionslogging
— Logging facility for Python
logging.config
— Logging configuration
logging.handlers
— Logging handlers
getpass
— Portable password inputcurses
— Terminal handling for character-cell displays
curses.textpad
— Text input widget for curses programs
curses.ascii
— Utilities for ASCII characterscurses.panel
— A panel stack extension for curses
platform
— Access to underlying platform’s identifying data
errno
— Standard errno system symbolsctypes
— A foreign function library for Python
threading
— Thread-based parallelism
multiprocessing
— Process-based parallelism
multiprocessing.shared_memory
— Provides shared memory for direct access across processesconcurrent
packageconcurrent.futures
— Launching parallel tasks
subprocess
— Subprocess management
sched
— Event scheduler
queue
— A synchronized queue class
_thread
— Low-level threading API_dummy_thread
— Drop-in replacement for the _thread
moduledummy_threading
— Drop-in replacement for the threading
modulecontextvars
— Context Variables
asyncio
— Asynchronous I/O
socket
— Low-level networking interface
ssl
— TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects
select
— Waiting for I/O completion
selectors
— High-level I/O multiplexing
asyncore
— Asynchronous socket handler
asynchat
— Asynchronous socket command/response handler
signal
— Set handlers for asynchronous events
mmap
— Memory-mapped file support
email
— An email and MIME handling package
email.message
: Representing an email messageemail.parser
: Parsing email messages
email.generator
: Generating MIME documentsemail.policy
: Policy Objectsemail.errors
: Exception and Defect classesemail.headerregistry
: Custom Header Objectsemail.contentmanager
: Managing MIME Content
email
: Examplesemail.message.Message
: Representing an email message using the compat32
APIemail.mime
: Creating email and MIME objects from scratchemail.header
: Internationalized headersemail.charset
: Representing character setsemail.encoders
: Encodersemail.utils
: Miscellaneous utilitiesemail.iterators
: Iteratorsjson
— JSON encoder and decoder
mailcap
— Mailcap file handlingmailbox
— Manipulate mailboxes in various formats
mimetypes
— Map filenames to MIME types
base64
— Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodingsbinhex
— Encode and decode binhex4 files
binascii
— Convert between binary and ASCIIquopri
— Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable datauu
— Encode and decode uuencode fileshtml
— HyperText Markup Language supporthtml.parser
— Simple HTML and XHTML parser
html.entities
— Definitions of HTML general entitiesxml.etree.ElementTree
— The ElementTree XML API
xml.dom
— The Document Object Model API
xml.dom.minidom
— Minimal DOM implementation
xml.dom.pulldom
— Support for building partial DOM trees
xml.sax
— Support for SAX2 parsers
xml.sax.handler
— Base classes for SAX handlers
xml.sax.saxutils
— SAX Utilitiesxml.sax.xmlreader
— Interface for XML parsers
xml.parsers.expat
— Fast XML parsing using Expat
webbrowser
— Convenient Web-browser controller
cgi
— Common Gateway Interface support
cgitb
— Traceback manager for CGI scriptswsgiref
— WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation
urllib
— URL handling modulesurllib.request
— Extensible library for opening URLs
urllib.request
Restrictionsurllib.response
— Response classes used by urlliburllib.parse
— Parse URLs into components
urllib.error
— Exception classes raised by urllib.requesturllib.robotparser
— Parser for robots.txthttp
— HTTP modules
http.client
— HTTP protocol client
ftplib
— FTP protocol client
poplib
— POP3 protocol client
imaplib
— IMAP4 protocol client
nntplib
— NNTP protocol client
smtplib
— SMTP protocol client
smtpd
— SMTP Server
telnetlib
— Telnet client
uuid
— UUID objects according to RFC 4122
socketserver
— A framework for network servers
http.server
— HTTP servershttp.cookies
— HTTP state management
http.cookiejar
— Cookie handling for HTTP clients
xmlrpc
— XMLRPC server and client modulesxmlrpc.client
— XML-RPC client access
xmlrpc.server
— Basic XML-RPC servers
ipaddress
— IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library
audioop
— Manipulate raw audio dataaifc
— Read and write AIFF and AIFC filessunau
— Read and write Sun AU files
wave
— Read and write WAV files
chunk
— Read IFF chunked datacolorsys
— Conversions between color systemsimghdr
— Determine the type of an imagesndhdr
— Determine type of sound fileossaudiodev
— Access to OSS-compatible audio devices
turtle
— Turtle graphics
cmd
— Support for line-oriented command interpreters
shlex
— Simple lexical analysis
tkinter
— Python interface to Tcl/Tk
tkinter.ttk
— Tk themed widgets
tkinter.tix
— Extension widgets for Tk
tkinter.scrolledtext
— Scrolled Text Widgettyping
— Support for type hints
pydoc
— Documentation generator and online help systemdoctest
— Test interactive Python examples
unittest
— Unit testing framework
unittest.mock
— mock object library
unittest.mock
— getting started
test
— Regression tests package for Python
test.support
— Utilities for the Python test suitetest.support.script_helper
— Utilities for the Python execution testssys
— System-specific parameters and functionssysconfig
— Provide access to Python’s configuration information
builtins
— Built-in objects__main__
— Top-level script environmentwarnings
— Warning control
dataclasses
— Data Classes
contextlib
— Utilities for with
-statement contexts
abc
— Abstract Base Classesatexit
— Exit handlers
traceback
— Print or retrieve a stack traceback
__future__
— Future statement definitionsgc
— Garbage Collector interfaceinspect
— Inspect live objects
site
— Site-specific configuration hook
zipimport
— Import modules from Zip archives
pkgutil
— Package extension utilitymodulefinder
— Find modules used by a script
runpy
— Locating and executing Python modulesimportlib
— The implementation of import
importlib.metadata
parser
— Access Python parse trees
ast
— Abstract Syntax Trees
symtable
— Access to the compiler’s symbol tables
symbol
— Constants used with Python parse treestoken
— Constants used with Python parse treeskeyword
— Testing for Python keywordstokenize
— Tokenizer for Python source
tabnanny
— Detection of ambiguous indentationpyclbr
— Python module browser support
py_compile
— Compile Python source filescompileall
— Byte-compile Python libraries
dis
— Disassembler for Python bytecode
pickletools
— Tools for pickle developers
posix
— The most common POSIX system calls
pwd
— The password databasespwd
— The shadow password databasegrp
— The group databasecrypt
— Function to check Unix passwords
termios
— POSIX style tty control
tty
— Terminal control functionspty
— Pseudo-terminal utilities
fcntl
— The fcntl
and ioctl
system callspipes
— Interface to shell pipelines
resource
— Resource usage information
nis
— Interface to Sun’s NIS (Yellow Pages)syslog
— Unix syslog library routines
optparse
— Parser for command line options
optparse
imp
— Access the import internals
setup.py
filesetup.py
file to denote Python 3 compatibilityLogRecord
dictConfig()
dictConfig()
NULL
default value*.pyd
file the same as a DLL?