10.8. fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matching — Python documentation
10.8. fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matching
Source code: :source:`Lib/fnmatch.py`
This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are not the same as regular expressions (which are documented in the re module). The special characters used in shell-style wildcards are:
Pattern | Meaning |
---|---|
*
|
matches everything |
?
|
matches any single character |
[seq]
|
matches any character in seq |
[!seq]
|
matches any character not in seq |
For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets. For example, '[?]'
matches the character '?'
.
Note that the filename separator ('/'
on Unix) is not special to this module. See module glob for pathname expansion (glob uses filter() to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting with a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the *
and ?
patterns.
- fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, pattern)
Test whether the filename string matches the pattern string, returning True or False. Both parameters are case-normalized using os.path.normcase(). fnmatchcase() can be used to perform a case-sensitive comparison, regardless of whether that’s standard for the operating system.
This example will print all file names in the current directory with the extension
.txt
:import fnmatch import os for file in os.listdir('.'): if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'): print file
- fnmatch.fnmatchcase(filename, pattern)
- Test whether filename matches pattern, returning True or False; the comparison is case-sensitive and does not apply os.path.normcase().
- fnmatch.filter(names, pattern)
Return the subset of the list of names that match pattern. It is the same as
[n for n in names if fnmatch(n, pattern)]
, but implemented more efficiently.New in version 2.2.
- fnmatch.translate(pattern)
Return the shell-style pattern converted to a regular expression for using with re.match().
Example:
>>> import fnmatch, re >>> >>> regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt') >>> regex '.*\\.txt\\Z(?ms)' >>> reobj = re.compile(regex) >>> reobj.match('foobar.txt') <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x...>