Php/docs/function.printf
printf
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)
printf — Output a formatted string
Parameters
format
The format string is composed of zero or more directives: ordinary characters (excluding
%
) that are copied directly to the result and conversion specifications, each of which results in fetching its own parameter.A conversion specification follows this prototype:
%[argnum$][flags][width][.precision]specifier
.Argnum
An integer followed by a dollar sign
$
, to specify which number argument to treat in the conversion.Flags Flag Description -
Left-justify within the given field width; Right justification is the default
+
Prefix positive numbers with a plus sign +
; Default only negative are prefixed with a negative sign.Pads the result with spaces. This is the default.
0
Only left-pads numbers with zeros. With
s
specifiers this can also right-pad with zeros.'
(char)Pads the result with the character (char). Width
An integer that says how many characters (minimum) this conversion should result in.
Precision
A period
.
followed by an integer who's meaning depends on the specifier:-
For
e
,E
,f
andF
specifiers: this is the number of digits to be printed after the decimal point (by default, this is 6). -
For
g
andG
specifiers: this is the maximum number of significant digits to be printed. -
For
s
specifier: it acts as a cutoff point, setting a maximum character limit to the string.
Note:
If the period is specified without an explicit value for precision, 0 is assumed.
Note:
Attempting to use a position specifier greater than
PHP_INT_MAX
will generate warnings.Specifiers Specifier Description %
A literal percent character. No argument is required. b
The argument is treated as an integer and presented as a binary number.
c
The argument is treated as an integer and presented as the character with that ASCII.
d
The argument is treated as an integer and presented as a (signed) decimal number.
e
The argument is treated as scientific notation (e.g. 1.2e+2). The precision specifier stands for the number of digits after the decimal point since PHP 5.2.1. In earlier versions, it was taken as number of significant digits (one less).
E
Like the e
specifier but usesuppercase letter (e.g. 1.2E+2).
f
The argument is treated as a float and presented as a floating-point number (locale aware).
F
The argument is treated as a float and presented as a floating-point number (non-locale aware). Available as of PHP 5.0.3.
g
General format.
Let P equal the precision if nonzero, 6 if the precision is omitted, or 1 if the precision is zero. Then, if a conversion with style E would have an exponent of X:
If P > X ≥ −4, the conversion is with style f and precision P − (X + 1). Otherwise, the conversion is with style e and precision P − 1.
G
Like the g
specifier but usesE
andf
.o
The argument is treated as an integer and presented as an octal number.
s
The argument is treated and presented as a string. u
The argument is treated as an integer and presented as an unsigned decimal number.
x
The argument is treated as an integer and presented as a hexadecimal number (with lowercase letters).
X
The argument is treated as an integer and presented as a hexadecimal number (with uppercase letters).
Warning
The
c
type specifier ignores padding and widthWarning
Attempting to use a combination of the string and width specifiers with character sets that require more than one byte per character may result in unexpected results
Variables will be co-erced to a suitable type for the specifier:
Type Handling Type Specifiers string
s
integer
d
,u
,c
,o
,x
,X
,b
double
g
,G
,e
,E
,f
,F
-
For
values
Return Values
Returns the length of the outputted string.
Examples
Example #1 printf(): various examples
<?php$n = 43951789;$u = -43951789;$c = 65; // ASCII 65 is 'A'// notice the double %%, this prints a literal '%' characterprintf("%%b = '%b'\n", $n); // binary representationprintf("%%c = '%c'\n", $c); // print the ascii character, same as chr() functionprintf("%%d = '%d'\n", $n); // standard integer representationprintf("%%e = '%e'\n", $n); // scientific notationprintf("%%u = '%u'\n", $n); // unsigned integer representation of a positive integerprintf("%%u = '%u'\n", $u); // unsigned integer representation of a negative integerprintf("%%f = '%f'\n", $n); // floating point representationprintf("%%o = '%o'\n", $n); // octal representationprintf("%%s = '%s'\n", $n); // string representationprintf("%%x = '%x'\n", $n); // hexadecimal representation (lower-case)printf("%%X = '%X'\n", $n); // hexadecimal representation (upper-case)printf("%%+d = '%+d'\n", $n); // sign specifier on a positive integerprintf("%%+d = '%+d'\n", $u); // sign specifier on a negative integer?>
The above example will output:
%b = '10100111101010011010101101' %c = 'A' %d = '43951789' %e = '4.39518e+7' %u = '43951789' %u = '4251015507' %f = '43951789.000000' %o = '247523255' %s = '43951789' %x = '29ea6ad' %X = '29EA6AD' %+d = '+43951789' %+d = '-43951789'
Example #2 printf(): string specifiers
<?php$s = 'monkey';$t = 'many monkeys';printf("[%s]\n", $s); // standard string outputprintf("[%10s]\n", $s); // right-justification with spacesprintf("[%-10s]\n", $s); // left-justification with spacesprintf("[%010s]\n", $s); // zero-padding works on strings tooprintf("[%'#10s]\n", $s); // use the custom padding character '#'printf("[%10.9s]\n", $t); // right-justification but with a cutoff of 8 charactersprintf("[%-10.9s]\n", $t); // left-justification but with a cutoff of 8 characters?>
The above example will output:
[monkey] [ monkey] [monkey ] [0000monkey] [####monkey] [ many monk] [many monk ]
See Also
- print - Output a string
- sprintf() - Return a formatted string
- fprintf() - Write a formatted string to a stream
- vprintf() - Output a formatted string
- vsprintf() - Return a formatted string
- vfprintf() - Write a formatted string to a stream
- sscanf() - Parses input from a string according to a format
- fscanf() - Parses input from a file according to a format
- number_format() - Format a number with grouped thousands
- date() - Format a local time/date
- flush() - Flush system output buffer