String Formatting — MarkupSafe documentation
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Markupsafe/docs/1.1.x/formatting
String Formatting
The Markup class can be used as a format string. Objects formatted into a markup string will be escaped first.
Format Method
The format
method extends the standard str.format()
behavior to use an __html_format__
method.
- If an object has an
__html_format__
method, it is called as a replacement for the__format__
method. It is passed a format specifier if it’s given. The method must return a string or Markup instance. - If an object has an
__html__
method, it is called. If a format specifier was passed and the class defined__html__
but not__html_format__
, aValueError
is raised. - Otherwise Python’s default format behavior is used and the result is escaped.
For example, to implement a User
that wraps its name
in a span
tag, and adds a link when using the 'link'
format specifier:
class User(object):
def __init__(self, id, name):
self.id = id
self.name = name
def __html_format__(self, format_spec):
if format_spec == 'link':
return Markup(
'<a href="/user/{}">{}</a>'
).format(self.id, self.__html__())
elif format_spec:
raise ValueError('Invalid format spec')
return self.__html__()
def __html__(self):
return Markup(
'<span class="user">{0}</span>'
).format(self.name)
>>> user = User(3, '<script>')
>>> escape(user)
Markup('<span class="user"><script></span>')
>>> Markup('<p>User: {user:link}').format(user=user)
Markup('<p>User: <a href="/user/3"><span class="user"><script></span></a>
See Python’s docs on format string syntax.
printf-style Formatting
Besides escaping, there’s no special behavior involved with percent formatting.
>>> user = User(3, '<script>')
>>> Markup('<a href="/user/%d">"%s</a>') % (user.id, user.name)
Markup('<a href="/user/3"><script></a>')
See Python’s docs on printf-style formatting.