User-defined (The GNU Awk User’s Guide)

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9.2 User-Defined Functions

Complicated awk programs can often be simplified by defining your own functions. User-defined functions can be called just like built-in ones (see section Function Calls), but it is up to you to define them (i.e., to tell awk what they should do).

Definition Syntax    How to write definitions and what they mean.
Function Example    An example function definition and what it does.
Function Calling    Calling user-defined functions.
Return Statement    Specifying the value a function returns.
Dynamic Typing    How variable types can change at runtime.