Event Designators (Bash Reference Manual)
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9.3.1 Event Designators
An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current position in the history list.
!
- Start a history substitution, except when followed by a space, tab, the end of the line, ‘
=
’ or ‘(
’ (when theextglob
shell option is enabled using theshopt
builtin). !n
- Refer to command line
n
. !-n
- Refer to the command
n
lines back. !!
- Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for ‘
!-1
’. !string
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list starting with
string
. !?string[?]
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the history list containing
string
. The trailing ‘?
’ may be omitted if thestring
is followed immediately by a newline. Ifstring
is missing, the string from the most recent search is used; it is an error if there is no previous search string. ^string1^string2^
- Quick Substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing
string1
withstring2
. Equivalent to!!:s^string1^string2^
. !#
- The entire command line typed so far.